xxxu 



CONTENTS. 



PLATE 35 — {Continued.) 



Fig. 2. Siege tower, 



3-6. Movable towers, 



7. Ancient trenches, 



8. The storming ram, 



9. The lifting forceps, 



10. Drawbasket, 



11. Storming a wall, 



PLATE 36. 

 Figs. 1-48. Illustrating modem artillery, . 



PLATE 37. 

 Figs. 1-34. Illustrating artillery carriages, 



PLATE 38. 



Figs. 1-24. Illustrating artillery and pon- 

 toon carriages, . 



PLATE 39. 



Figs. 1-50. Illustrating the fabrication of 

 artillery and projectiles, 

 balls and bombs, 



PLATE 40. 

 Figs. 1-57. Illustrating military pyrotech- 

 ny, 



639 



588 

 639 

 587 

 590 

 590 

 589 



594 



597 



597 



604 



611 



619 



PLATE 41. 



Fig. 1. Roman fortified camp, 

 " 2. Scipio's circumvallation of Nu- 



mantia, .... 639 

 " 3. Caesar's siege of Massilia, . . 639 



PLATE 42. 



Figs. 1-4. The simplest ancient gates, 616, 617 



" 5. The Gate ofthe Lions in Mycenae, 617 



" 6-9. The walls of Messene, . . 617 



" 10, 11. Thegate of Spello, . . 618 



" 12, 13. The walls of Babylon, . • 617 



" 14, 15. The walls of Assos, . . 617 



" 16. The gates of Falerii, . . .618 



" 17. The Appian gate of Rome, . 619 



" 18. Gate at Pompeii, . . .618 



<^ 19,20. Sections of the walls of Rome, 618 



PLATE 43. 



Figs. 1-5. Walls between Athens and the 



Piraeus, .... 617 

 " 6. The Capitoline hill, . . .618 



PLATE 43 — (Continued.) 

 Figs. 7-9. Details of the walls, . .618 

 " 10-15. The walls of Pompeii, . . 618 



PLATE 44. 



Fig. 1. Ditch of a castle, . . .620 



2. Dungeon, 622 



3. Oubliette, 623 



4. Turret, . . . . . 621 



5. 6. Plan and view of tower stairs, 622 



7. Lantern, 621 



8. Tower window, . . . 622 



9. Magazine under a dungeon, . 622 

 10. Machicoli«, .... 622 

 11-13. Drawbridges, . . .620 

 14, 15. Castle of Vincennes, plan and 



view, . . . .622 

 " 16. Castle of Rheinstein, . . . 623 



PLATE 45. 



Fig. 1. The Chinese wall, . . . 623 



" 2-4. Different towers, , . . 624 



" 5-10. Battlements, . . .621 



" 12-14. Loopholes, . . . .622 



PLATE 46. 



Fig. 1. Fortified bridge, . . .620 



2-7. Fortified gates, . . .620 



" 8-10. The Bastille in Paris, . . 623 



" 11. The old Louvre in Paris, . . 623 



" 12-21. Various forms of loopholes, . 622 



PLATE 47. 

 Figs. 1-57. Illustrating field fortification, 624 



PLATE 48. 



Figs. 1-42. Illustrating permanent fortifi- 

 cations, .... 630 



PLATE 49. 



Figs. 1-37. Illustrating attack and defence 



of fortified places, . .639 



PLATE 50. 



Figs. 1-51. Illustrating attack and defence 



of fortified places, . . 639 



PLATE 51. 



Figs. 1-54. Illustrating the pioneer and 



pontoon service, . . 647 



