44 GEOGRAPHY. 



VIII. The Francontan Circle embraced the Bishoprics Bamberg, 

 Wiirzburg, and Eichstadt ; 2, Mergentheim and Franconia ; 3, Kulmbach 

 (or Baireuth) and Ansbach, Brandenburg ; 4, Henneberg and Schwarzen- 

 berg ; 5, Hohenlohe ; 6, Castell, Wertheim, Rieneck and Erbach, with six 

 manors : 7, five free towns, Nurnberg, Rothenburg, Windsheim, Schweinfm't; 

 and Weissenbm'g. 



IX. The Circle of Upper Saxony included : 1, Saxony ; 2, Mark Bran- 

 denburg ; 3, the dominion of the Dukes of Saxony of the Line of Ernest 

 (Weimar, Eisenach, Coburg, Gotha, and Altenburg) ; 4, Pomerania ; 5, 

 Anhalt ; 6, Quedhnburg and Walkenried ; 7, Schwarzburg, Mansfeld, 

 Stolberg, and Wernigerode ; 8, the dominions of the Counts and Princes 

 of Reuss, those of the Counts of Schonburg and the County Hohenstein. 



X. The Circle of Lower Saxony included : 1, Magdeburg ; 2, the 

 dominions of the Electorate of Brunswick- Liineburg, consisting of Bremen, 

 Liineburg, Grubenhagen, and Kalenberg ; 3, Wolfenbiittel and Blanken- 

 burg ; 4, Halberstadt ; 5, Mecklenburg- Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Gustrow, 

 also Schwerin ; 6, the Duchy of Holstein ; 7, Hildesheim ; 8, Saxon- 

 Lauenburg ; 9, Liibeck ; 10, Ratzeburg; 11, the six free cities of Liibeck, 

 Goslar, Mlilhausen, JVordhausen, Hamburg, and Bremen. 



The following territories, not included among the preceding ten circles, 

 also belonged to Germany : 1, Bohemia and Moravia, belonging to the 

 House of Austria ; 2, Upper and Lower Lusatia ; 3, Mompelgard and 

 Homburg ; 4, Arch, Wasserburg, Freudenberg, Horstgen, Rheda, Jever, 

 Kniphausen, Dyck, Schaumburg, &c. ; 3, Kappenberg, Elten, and 

 Burtscheid ; 4, the three circles of the immediate nobility in Swabia, 

 Franconia, and on the Rhine ; 7, several places owned and ruled in common 

 by more than one family ; 8, six free villages, and the free people in Swabia 

 occupying thirty-nine villages and hamlets. 



Besides Germany, Europe in 1789 contained the following states, of which 

 eight (including the Electoral Monarchy of Poland) were republics, and one 

 under the order of St. John ; the remainder were ruled by two emperors, 

 one Grand Sultan, nine kings, one pope, one grand duke, three dukes, and 

 one prince. 



L The Kingdom of Portugal, in its present extent, only arranged 

 differently. 



II. The Kingdom of Spain, likewise of its present limits, and divided into 

 twenty-nine provinces : Madrid, Toledo, Cuenca, Guadalajara, and LaMancha 

 (New Castile) ; Burgos, Soria, Segovia, Avila (Old Castile) ; Leon, Palencia, 

 Toro, Valladolid, Zamora ; Salamanca (kingdom of Leon) ; kingdom of 

 Granada or Upper Andalusia ; kingdom of Galicia ; Sevilla, Cordova, 

 Murcia, Jaen (Lower Andalusia) ; Asturia, Estremadura, Arragon, Valencia, 

 Majorca (embracing the Balearic and Pithyusian islands), Catalonia, king- 

 dom of Navarre, and the united districts of Guipuzcoa, Alava, and Biscaya. 

 In addition to this there was the town of Antequera, w^hich was assigned to 

 no province. 



III. The Kingdom of France, with limits much as at present, but including 

 the Duchy of Bouillon, as also the fortified towns Philippeville, Marienburg, 



44 



