GEOGRAPHY. 4>5. 



Saar Louis, and Landau, which, in 1814 and 1815, were ceded to Belgium, 

 Prussia, and Bavaria ; and not embracing the then papal counties Avignon 

 and Venaissin. It was divided, in a military point of view, into the following 

 forty-one governments : Paris, Isle of France (capital Soissons) ; Picardy 

 (cap. Amiens) ; Boulonnais (cap. Boulogne) ; Artois (Arras) ; Champagne 

 and Brie (Troyes) ; Bourgogne (cap. Dijon) ; Dombes (cap. Trevoux) ; 

 Dauphiny (cap. Grenoble) with the principality Orange ; Provence (cap. 

 Aries) ; Languedoc (cap. Toulouse) ; Foix ; Roussillon (cap. Perpignan) ; 

 Navarra and Beam (cap. Pau) ; Gayenne and Gascogne (cap. Bordeaux) ; 

 Saintonge and Angoumois (cap. Saintes) ; Rochelle and Aunis (cap. 

 Rochelle) ; Poitou (cap. Poitiers) ; Bretagne (cap. Rennes) ; Normandy 

 (cap. Rouen) ; Maine and Perche (cap. Le Mans) ; Orleanois (cap. 

 Orleans) ; Nivernois (cap. Nevers) ; Bourbonnois (cap. Moulins) ; Lyonnois 

 (cap. Lyon) ; Auvergne (cap. Clermont) ) Limousin (cap. Limoges) ; La 

 Marche (cap. Gueret) ; Berry (cap. Bourges) ; Touraine (cap. Tours) ; 

 Anjou (cap. Angiers) ; Saumur (cap. Saumur) ; Flanders and Hennegau 

 (cap. Lille) ; Messin and Verdunois (cap. Metz) ; Lorraine and Bar (cap. 

 Nancy) ; Elsace (cap. Strasburg) ; Franche-Comte (cap. Besangon) ; Corsica 

 (cap. Bastia). 



IV. The Swiss Confederacy consisted of thirteen Cantons, namely : 

 Zurich, Bern, Luzerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Zug, Glarus, Basle, 

 Freiburg, Solothurn or Soleure, Schaffhausen, and Appenzell. In addition 

 to these there were twenty- three Landvogties (seven of them Italian), and 

 two cities, which several Cantons possessed in common : Thurgau, 

 Rheinthal, Sargans, Gaster, Granson, Baden, Bellenz, &c., with ten allied 

 or associated places : St. Gallen, Graubiindten, the Valais, the town of 

 Muhlhausen in Elsace, Neuenburg, Geneva, and the Bishopric of Basle (in 

 part). 



V. The United Netherlands constituted a republic from the time of their 

 liberation from the Spanish yoke in the sixteenth century. They consisted 

 of seven smaller republics or sovereign states : Guelderland, Holland, 

 Seeland, Utrecht, Friesland, Oberyssel, and Groningen, with Drenthe. In 

 addition to these were portions of Brabant (cap. Herzogenbusch), Antwerp 

 (cap. Breda), Guelderland (cap. Venloo), and Flanders, which had been 

 conquered by the seven united provinces, A hereditary Stattholder stood 

 at the head of the common republic. 



VI. The Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in its present extent and 

 arrangement, although not united into a single government with one 

 parliament. The islands of Helgoland and Malta at that time did not 

 belong to England. 



VII. The United Kingdom of Denmark and Norway, each in its present 

 arrangement and extent. Of the latter, only the Faroes remain to Denmark. 

 The Island of Helgoland, now English, belonged to Denmark up to 

 1814. 



VIII. The Kingdom of Sweden, at that time united with Finnland and not 

 with Norway, was divided into five sections ; 1, Sweden proper, subdivided 

 into Upland, Sodermannland, Nerike, Westmannland, and Dalarne or 



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