GEOGRAPHY. 47 



XIV. The Republic of Ragusa under the protection of the Grand 

 Turk, and tributary to him, now belonging to Austria as a part of 

 Dahnatia. 



XV. The Turkish Empire, whose European dominions at that time 

 embraced Bessarabia and that portion of Moldavia lying on the left or 

 eastern bank of the Pruth, both subsequently ceded to Russia ; also, the 

 present kingdom of Greece. The now nearly independent Principality of 

 Servia, at that time (to 1801) formed a viceroyalty. 



XVI. Italy, with which we here conclude, embraced the following states, 

 excluding the island of Corsica, which belonged to France. 1. Kingdom of 

 Sardinia, consisting of the Duchies of Savoy (embracing Chablais, 

 Faucigny, Genevois, Tarantaise, and Maurienne) and Montserrat, the 

 Principality of Piedmont (with the Duchy of Aosta and the County of 

 Nizza), a portion of the Duchy of Milan, and the island of Sardinia. 2. 

 The Austrian possessions, consisting of the Duchies of Milan (the greater 

 portion) and Mantua, and the Principalities of Castiglione and Solferino. 

 3. The Duchies of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla. 4. The Duchy of 

 Modena, with Reggio, Correggio, Mirandola, Massa, and Carrara. 5. The 

 Principality of Monaco (under French protection). 6. The Republic of 

 Venice. Her dominions embraced, in Italy, the Duchy of Venice, the 

 provinces of Padua, Bassano, Verona, Vicenza, Brescia, Bergamo, Erema, 

 the peninsula Rovigo, the Mark of Treviso, the District of Friaul and 

 Istria. Out of Italy the Venetian possessions consisted of parts of Dal- 

 matia (Zara, Sebenigo, Trau, Spalatro, and islands), Albania, and the seven 

 Ionian Islands : all these, excepting the last, are Austrian. 7. The Republic 

 of Genoa : her territory was divided into the Riviera di Levante or the 

 eastern part, the Riviera di Ponente or the western part, and Finale ; it 

 now constitutes the Sardinian Duch}^ of Genoa. 8. The Grand Duchy of 

 Tuscany, divided into the old state or the Grand Duchy proper (Florence, 

 Pisa, and Livorno), and the new state or Siena, acquired in 1557. 9. 

 The States of the Church ; divided into Rome with her territory ; 

 Campagna di Roma and Maritima ; Patrimonio di S. Pietro ; Duchy of 

 Castro and County of Ronciglione ; Umbria or the Duchy of Spoleto, with 

 Camorino, Orvieto, Perugia, and Castello ; Mark Ancona with the Duchy 

 Urbino and the city Fano ; Romagna, the territory of Bologna, and the 

 Duchy Ferrara. In addition to these, the Pope possessed, as now, the 

 Principality of Benvenuto, and in France the Counties Avignon and 

 Venaissin, the two latter subsequently ceded to France. 10. The Republic 

 of Lucca, and 11, Republic of San Marino. 12. The kingdom of the two 

 Sicilies, consisting of the kingdoms of Naples and of Sicily. The former 

 was divided into twelve districts : Terra di Lavoro, Principato Citra, 

 Principato Ultra, Basilicato or Matera, Northern Calabria, Southern do.. 

 Terra d'Otranto, Terra di Bari, Capitanata, the Abruzzi, Teramo. Sicily 

 was divided into three districts, Val di Mazzara (cap. Palermo), Val Demone 

 (cap. Messina), and Val di Noto (cap. Catania). Besides these, the king of 

 the Sicilies possessed the Stato degli Presidi, consisting of the Princi- 

 paUty Piombino and the island Elba, now united to Tuscany. 13. The 



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