GEOGRAPHY. 61 



1849 (including vessels on the stocks) amounted to seven ships of the line, 

 sixteen frigates, two razee frigates, fifty-seven smaller vessels, seventeen 

 steamboats, three transports, and seventy-four gun-boats. 



Divisions. 1. North Holland, pop. 463,000, cap. Amsterdam on the 

 Amstel and the Gulf of Y, with 211,000 inhabitants. 2. Guelderland, pop. 

 873,000, cap. Arnhem on the Rhine, with 15,000 inhabitants. 3. South 

 Holland, pop. 564,000, cap. the Hague or Gravenhage, the royal residence, 

 with 19,000 inhabitants. 4. North Brabant, pop. 404,000, cap. Herzogen- 

 busch, with 19,000 inhabitants. 5. Zealand, consisting of over twelve 

 islands in the mouth of the Scheldt (of which Walcheren, Schouwen, and 

 Tholen are the largest), pop. 158,000, cap. Middelburg, with 14,000 

 inhabitants. 6. Utrecht, pop. 153,000, cap. Utrecht on the crooked Rhine, 

 with 245,000 inhabitants. 7. Friesland, pop. 247,000, cap. Leeuwarden, 

 w^ith 21,000 inhabitants. 8. Overyssel, pop. 212,000, cap. Zwolle on the 

 Aa, with 16,000 inhabitants. 9. Groningen, pop. 190,000, cap. do. on the 

 Hunse and Aa, with 31,000 inhabitants. 10. Drenthe, pop. 84,000, cap. 

 Assen. 11. Duchy Limburg, pop. 203,000, a part of the German alliance, 

 cap. Maestricht on the Maas, with 30,000 inhabitants. 12. Grand Duchy 

 of Luxemburg, pop. 186,000, likewise a member of the German alliance, 

 with a special constitution from July 9th, 1848, cap. Luxemburg on the 

 Elz, with 12,000 inhabitants. 



Colonies of the Netherlands. 1. In Asia : large possessions in Java, 

 including the greater part of the island ; Sumatra (S.E., West and N.W". 

 coast) ; Borneo (on the W. and S. coast) and Celebes ; the Amboynas, with 

 62,000 inhabitants, and the ten Banda Islands, with 44,000 inhabitants ; the 

 islands of Bintang, Banca, Billiton, Madura, Salayer, a part of Ternate, 

 &c. 2. In Africa : some settlements and forts on the coast of Guinea (gold 

 coast). 3. In America : a part of Guiana, or Surinam ; of the Antilles, 

 Curasao, and St. Eustache, together with the smaller islands, Martin, Aruba, 

 Aves, and Bonaire. 



7. England (Plate 20). 



This powerful kingdom, exclusive of the smaller islands, is situated 

 between 50° and 59° N. lat., and 2° E. and 10* W. longitude from Green- 

 wich. Geographically, it is divided into Great Britain and Ireland, the 

 former being again divided into England proper (including Wales), with 

 57,960 square statute miles, and Scotland with 30,500. England is entirely 

 surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean : that portion of the Atlantic lying 

 between Great Britain and Ireland is called the Irish Sea (to the North the 

 North Channel, and to the south St. George's Channel). 



The mountains of England do not attain to any very great elevation. 

 In the south-west of Great Britain are the mountains of Cornwall, rich in tin. 

 these ending in the promontories of Land's End and Lizard Point. North 

 of these is the high land of Wales, with Snowden (3557 feet) for the loftiest 

 summit. In the north, a range known as the Cheviot and Pentland Hills 



61 



