66 GEOGRAPHY. 



seed, buck-wheat, flax, hops, fruits, peat, lime, tar, stone coal, salt, vitriol, 

 amber. Excepting lime and peat, there is no mineral of importance ; no 

 metals of any kind are found in Denmark. 



The inhabitants in the kingdom and in the Duchies amounted, in 1845, to 

 2,239,077 souls, of which 1,400,000 were Danes, and 40,000 Frieslanders ; 

 the rest, about one third, were Germans. Excepting 2000 Reformers, and 

 6000 Jews, all the inhabitants are Lutherans, under eight bishops, and one 

 general superintendent : the Lutheran is the established church. The 

 manufactured products are lace, leather gloves, woollen and linen goods, 

 rape-seed oil, sugar, &c. ; the amount, however, is not very great. Owing 

 to the peculiarly favorable position of the country, navigation and commerce 

 are carried on extensively. The cause of education is well attended to by 

 the universities in Copenhagen and Kiel, and by many Gymnasia and good 

 public schools. 



Denmark is a constitutional monarchy, governed under the fundamental 

 laws of June 5, 1849 (at present by Frederick VII. , born 1808). The 

 Reichstag, which must be assembled annually in October, consists 

 of two chambers. The members of the first chamber are elected for 

 three years by universal and direct suffrage : one member to 14,000 

 inhabitants. The members of the second chamber, half as many in number 

 as those of the first, are chosen for eight years, indirectly: among other 

 requirements, they must be forty years of age. This form of government 

 does not apply to Holstein, and even Schleswig is scarcely subject to it. 



The revenues for 1848 amounted to 16,709,000 rigsbank dollars, or to 

 8,354,500 dollars of American currency. The military force embraces 

 25,000 men for the peace establishment, 75,000 in the war. The navy 

 consists of six ships of the line (of which only one is equipped), seven 

 frigates, five corvettes, four brigs, three schooners, &c. The whole state is 

 divided politically into bailiwicks, ecclesiastically into eight chapters. The 

 kingdom of Denmark, in its more restricted sense, consists of the peninsula 

 of Jutland, with the four chapters of Aalborg, Wiborg, Aarhuus, and Ripen 

 (pop. 577,000), with numerous islands. The most important of the latter 

 are : 1, Zealand, pop. 475,000, containing the capital city and royal residence, 

 Copenhagen, with 127,000 inhabitants ; 2, Funen, pop. 166,000 ; 3, Laaland, 

 pop. 53,000 ; 4, Bornholm, pop. 26,500 ; 5, Falster, pop. 22,000 ; 6, Lange- 

 land, pop. 17,000. 



The appendages to Denmark proper are : 1. The Faroer, twenty-five in 

 n^imber, of which only seventeen are inhabited (pop. 7300). The largest 

 of these is called Stromoe. 2. Iceland, pop. 56,000, cap. Reikiavik. 3. 

 The Duchy of Schleswig, with 363,000 inhabitants, cap. Schleswig. Here 

 also belong the islands Alsen, Arroe, Sylt, Fohr, Tehmern. 4. The Duchy 

 of Holstein, pop. 479,000, cap. Gliickstadt. 5. The Duchy of Lauenburg, 

 pop. 45,000, cap. Ratzeburg. 



The colonies or foreign possessions of Denmark are:!, in Asia, the 

 Nicobar Islands ; 2, in Africa, the Forts Christiansborg, Fredensborg, &c., 

 in Upper Guinea ; 3, in America, Greenland, and the West India Islands of 

 St. Thomas, St. Croix, and St. John. 

 66 



