74 GEOGRAPHY. 



7. Principality of Wallachia, pop. 950,000, since 1849 under the Prince 

 or Hospodar Barbo Stirbey (cap. Bucharest). 



8. Principahty of Moldavia, pop. 450,000, under Hospodar Gregorius 

 Alexander Ghika (cap. Jassy), also 



9. The territory of Montenegro, on the borders of Dalmatia, the 

 inhabitants of which, under their Vladika the Bishop of Cettigne, are 

 almost entirely independent of the Porte. 



Turkey in Asia is divided into nineteen eyalets, indicated on the map. 

 Of these numbers, ten to fifteen constitute Asia Minor proper or Natolia ; 

 sixteen to nineteen, Armenia ; twenty to twenty-three, Mesopotamia ; and 

 twenty-four to twenty-eight, Syria. 



As to a Turkey in Africa, nothing more can be said than that the states 

 of North Africa, to wit, Egypt, Tripoli, and Tunis (and excepting Fez, 

 Morocco, and the French colony of Algiers), are little more than nominally 

 subject and tributary to the Porte. 



12. Greece {Plate 27). 



The kingdom of Hellas or Greece, containing about 14,000 square 

 geographical miles, is included between the meridians of 18° 44' and 

 25° 14' longitude east of Greenwich, and the pai'allels of 36° 30' and 30' 

 N. lat. It is bounded on the north by Turkey, in all other directions by 

 the Mediterranean and Egaean seas. Northern Greece is traversed by the 

 Hellenic Mountains, already referred to under the head of Turkey, and 

 attaining, in Guiona, a height of 8538 feet, in Parnassus, 8068 feet. Other 

 lofty summits are Oeta and Helicon. Even the Peloponnesus is very 

 mountainous ; the highest peak being Taygetos (7904 feet), and Zyria or 

 Cyllene. The only rivers are the Aspropotamo (otherwise the Achelous), 

 Evenus, Cephissus, Rusia or Ryzo (Alpheus), and Yri or Wasiliko 

 (Eurotas). The climate of the valleys is very mild, but many of the moun- 

 tain peaks are covered with snow for several months in the year. The chief 

 products are oil, cotton, dried currants, tobacco, wine, madder, honey, and silk. 



The inhabitants (850,000) are chiefly modern Greeks (a mixture of 

 descendants of the ancient Greeks, and of Albanians, Wallachians, Sla- 

 vonians, &c.) ; a portion consists also of Jews, Albanese, &c. The Greek 

 Catholic is the prevailing religion ; but on the islands there are some 

 20-30,000 Roman Catholics. Agriculture and manufactures are experiencing 

 a progressive elevation in point of rank ; and from the favorable position 

 of the country, commerce has long been in a flourishing condition. The 

 university of Greece, at Athens, stands at the head of the schools of 

 public instruction, which have greatly increased since the erection of the 

 state of Greece. 



Until 1821, Greece was subject to Turkey, but having battled successfully 

 for independence, it was recognised as free in 1829. Since 1832, it has 

 formed a kingdom, governed by Prin?e Otto of Bavaria (brother cf the 

 74 



