GEOGRAPHY. 75 



present king of Bavaria), born 1815. In consequence of a revolutionary- 

 movement in September, 1843, a constitution was granted on the 16th 

 March, 1844. The revenues of the state amount to about 2,400,000 dollars. 

 The army includes 8900 men ; the present navy, only two corvettes, two 

 steamboats, three brigs, five cutters, and twelve gunboats. 



Since 1838, Greece has been divided into twenty-four dioceses or 

 governments ; its natural divisions are : 



I. Northern Greece or Livadia, with the seven dioceses : Attica (with 

 Megaris and iEgina, cap. Athens, with 26,000 inhabitants), Boeotia, 

 Phthiotis, Phocis, Eurytania, iEtolia, and Acarnania. 



II. The Peninsula of Peloponnesus, or the Morea, with twelve dioceses : 

 Argolis (with the island Spezzia and Hermione), Hydra (island), Corinth, 

 Achaia, Cynoethe, Triphylia, Messenia, Mantinea, Gortynia, Lacedeemon, 

 Laconia (cap. Maina). 



III. The Islands, with the five dioceses : Euboea (largest island of 

 Greece, 1120 square geographical miles, with the islands Skiathos, Scopelcs, 

 &c.), Tinos (with Andros), Syra (with the islands Keos, Cythnos, Milos, 

 Syphnos, Cimolos, Pholegandros, Sicinos), Naxos (with Paros), and Thera 

 (with the islands Amorgos, los, and Anaphe). 



The seven Ionian Islands, situated to the west and south of Greece and 

 Turkey : Corfu, Paxo, Santa Maura, Cephalonia (largest of all), Theaki, 

 Zante, and Cerigo, with a population of 220,000, and with several smaller 

 islands, constitute a republic under the protection of England. Accordirg 

 to the constitution of 2d May, 1817, the executive power is in the hands of 

 a senate of six members, the president of which is nominated by the king 

 of England. The legislative assemblage embraces forty members, of whom 

 eleven are chosen by the English Lord High Commissioner. 



13. Italy {Plate 24). 



Italy, or the Apennine peninsula, with its islands, lies between the meridians 

 of 5° and 18° 30' east longitude from Greenwich, and the parallels of 36° 

 and 46° 30' N. lat., embracing about 120,000 square miles (excluding Corsica, 

 which belongs to France). It is bounded on the north by Switzerland and 

 the Tyrol, on the east by Austria (Illyria) and the Adriatic and Ionian seas, 

 south and west by the Mediterranean and Tyrrhenian seas, and north-west 

 bv France. 



Two great ranges of mountains belong either wholly or in part to Italy : 

 the Alps and the Apennines. The Alps traverse the northern parts, and 

 send the following chains into Italy : 1, the Sea or Maritime Alps, on the 

 Gulf of Genoa (Monte Viso, 13,599 feet high), north of which are : 2, the 

 Cottian Alps (Mont-Cenis, 6,772) ; 3, the Gray or Graian Alps (Mont- 

 Iseran, 13,279) ; 4, the Pennine Alps (Monte Rosa, 15,210) ; 5, the Lepontine 

 Alps, which only touch Italy in part. Between the Alps and the Apennines 

 lies a hilly region. The Apennines, at whose northern slope the peninsula 

 proper commences, join on to the Maritime Alps at the Col di Tenda, pass 



75 



