GEOGRAPHY. 79 



43,052 English square miles. The present king, Frederick 11., horn 

 1810, of the Spanish line of tlie House of Bourbon, has ruled since 

 1830. The form of government is a constitutional monarchy. According 

 to the constitution of February 10th, 1848, the king shares the law- 

 giving power with two chambers, one of peers (chosen by the king in 

 unhmited number for life), and a chamber of deputies, one to every 40,000 

 of the population. The relation of Sicily to the state is not yet definitively 

 established. 



The army, before the outbreak in Sicily, consisted of about 49,000 

 men, without the reserve forces ; the navy, of one ship of the line 

 and five frigates, one corvette, five brigantines, two galliots, and fourteen 

 steamboats. 



The state is geographically divisible into two principal parts. 



a. Sicily this side of the straits, also called Naples, with 6,383,000 

 inhabitants, is divided into fifteen intendancies. Of these, the old province 

 of Terra di Lavoro was constituted by Na;')les (with the city Naples, pop. 

 400,000, and the islands of Capri, Ischia, and Procida), Terra di Lavoro, 

 Principato citeriore, and Principato ulteriore ; Abruzzo ulteriore I., A. 

 ulteriore II., and A. citeriore, form the old province Abruzzo ; Capitanata, 

 Molise, Terra di Bari, Terra di Otranto, constitute the ancient Apulia ; and 

 finally Basilicata, Calabria citeriore, and Calabria ulteriore I. and II., the 

 ancient Calabria. 



h. The kingdom of Sicily beyond the straits, consists of the island of 

 Sicily, also of the Lipari and iEgidian Islands : it contains about 2,040,000 

 inhabitants, and is divided into the following intendancies : Palermo (with 

 the capital of same name, pop. 170,000), Girgenti, Trapani, Caltanisette, 

 Messina, Syracuse, and Catania. 



IX. The Islands of Malta, Gozzo, and Comino, contain about eighty 

 square geographical miles, and 124,000 inhabitants. The capital, La 

 Valetta, with 60,000 inhabitants, is situated on the island of Malta. 



14. The Austrian Monarchy {Plate 17). 



The Empire of Austria is situated between the meridians of 8^ 29' and 

 26° 29' longitude east of Greenwich, and between the parallels of 42° 15' 

 and 51° N. lat. It is bounded on the south and east by Turkey, on the 

 north-east and north by Russia, to the north and west by Prussia, Saxony, 

 Bavaria, and Switzerland, and to the south and west by Sardinia, Parma, 

 Modena, the Papal States, and the Adriatic Sea. Its area amounts to 

 about 193,000 square geographical miles. 



The principal mountains of Austria are the Alps and the Carpathians. 

 The Alps divide into the following chains : 1. The eastern Rhaetian Alps, 

 with one main and two secondary chains (highest point Ortlerspitz, 12,851 

 feet). 2. The Norian Alps, consisting of three main chains (here belong 

 the Styrian, Austrian, and east Salzburgian Alps ; highest point Gross- 



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