80 GEOGRAPHY. 



glockner). 3. The Carniac or Carinthian Alps, attaining a height of eight 

 to nine thousand feet. 4. The Julian or Krainian Alps, the Terglou, 

 9386 feet. The Carpathians divide into six main groups : 1. The Central 

 Carpathians or the Krapack Mountains, attaining a height of 8611 feet in 

 Lomnitzer Spitze. 2. The Beskides and Babia Goru. 3. The Lesser 

 or Hungarian Carpathians. 4. The Hungarian Erzgebirge (over 6200 

 feet high). 5. The Carpathian Waldgebirge. 6. The Siebenbiirgian 

 Carpathians, over 9500 feet high. The space between the Alps and 

 Carpathians is filled by the Hungarian plains, of which that of Lower 

 Hungary covers an area of over 24,000 square geographical miles. 



Pre-eminent among the rivers of Austria stands the Danube, with its 

 numerous tributaries. Those of the right bank are the Inn, with the Salzach, 

 Traun, Ens, Leitha, Raab, Drau, Sau. To the left are the March or 

 Morawa, Waag, Neutra, Gran, Eypel, Theiss (largest tributary of the 

 Danube). The Weichsel forms the north-western boundary of Galicia. 



The principal productions of Austria, which is more highly endowed by 

 nature than any other country in Europe, are from the mineral kingdom : 

 gold, silver, copper, lead, tin, iron, mercury, cinnabar, cobalt, calamine, 

 arsenic, zinc, precious stones, marble, alabaster, gypsum, sulphur, peat, 

 lignite, stone coal, salt, soda, vitriol, alum, saltpetre, and mineral waters. 

 From the vegetable kingdom are derived, grain, Indian corn, rice, garden 

 and kitchen vegetables, fruits, timber, wine, tobacco, hops, flax, hemp, 

 saffron, madder, safflower, liquorice wood, mastich, and succory or 

 chicory. The animals are horses, cattle, buffaloes, sheep, hogs, goats, 

 asses, bears, lynxes, wolves, marmots, chamois, tortoises, domestic fowls, 

 pheasants, salt and freshwater fish, bees, silkworms, and leeches. 



The population of Austria amounts to nearly thirty-eight millions ; it is 

 densest in the Italian provinces, and most sparse in the Tyro). The inhabit- 

 ants belong to four principal stocks : to the German (about eight millions), the 

 Slavic (over fifteen millions), the Hungarian (five millions and a half), and 

 the Graeco- Latin (over eight millions). The Slavi are divisible into the 

 Tschechs, Moravians, Slowaks, Poles, Ruthenes, Slowenes, Croats, Sla- 

 vonians, Serbians, Dalmatians, and Istrians. To the Hungarians or 

 Magyars belong the Szekls in Siebenbiirgen ; to the Graeco-Latin stock, the 

 Italians, Wallachians, Moldavians, and Greeks. To the above-mentioned 

 stocks must be added about 700,000 Jews (mostly in Galicia and Hungary), 

 93,000 Zigeuni, Armenians, &c. The prevailing religion is the Roman 

 Catholic ; there are, however, about three millions of independent Greeks, 

 over two millions Reformed, 1,200,000 Lutherans, 50,000 Socinians, 17,000 

 Arminians, 700,000 Jews, &c. At the head of numerous establishments 

 of learning stand nine universities ; those of Vienna, Prague, Innsbruck, 

 Gratz, Olmiitz, Pesth, Lemberg, Padua, and Pavia ; also the Academy of 

 Sciences in Vienna, founded in 1846. The principal manufactured products 

 are linens, sail cloths, point lace, cotton and silk goods, cloths, shawls, 

 carpets, hats, paper, leather ware, tobacco, sugar, soap, wax, fabrications 

 of gold and silver, chemical apparatus, iron, glass, mirrors, &c. 



The form of government, up to March, 1848, was an absolute monarchy ; 

 80 



