GEOGRAPHY. 81 



since that, it has been changed to the constitutional form. According to 

 the chartered constitution of March 4th, 1849, which is to avail for the 

 whole empire, the emperor (since 1849, Francis Joseph, born 1830) shares 

 the lawgiving power with two houses, an upper and a lower house. In 

 addition to this, each crown land has a special constitution and a special 

 diet. The revenues of the state (Hungary excepted) amounted, in 1847, to 

 over 151 millions of gulden, or more than seventy-one millions of dollars. 

 In the half year ending April, 1847, the receipts amounted to over forty-five 

 millions of gulden, the expenditures to nearly ninety-one millions. The 

 army, in 1847, consisted of 315,000 infantry, 49,000 cavalry on the 

 peace establishment, and 489,000 infantry, and 65,000 cavalry on the 

 war footing. In addition to these were 26,000 artillery, and various 

 extra corps, the engineer corps, pioneer corps, &c. At present all 

 the troops are divided into five army corps, of which the fifth embraces 

 the military limits; the four others include 358 battalions, 281 squad- 

 rons, and 766 pieces of artillery. The navy consists of three 

 frigates, two corvettes, five brigs, one steamer, two galliots, and eight gun- 

 boats. 



According to the new constitution, the whole state is divided into the 

 following crown lands : 



I. German. I. Grand Duchy of Austria above the Ens, or Upper 

 Austria, pop. 704,572, cap. Linz. 2. Archduchy of Austria below the 

 Ens, or Lower Austria, with 1,417,783 inhabitants, cap. Vienna, at the same 

 time capital of the whole empire, with 410,000 inhabitants. 3. Duchy of 

 Salzburg, pop. 146,519, cap. Salzburg. 4. Duchy of Styria, pop. 999,681, 

 divided into three circles, those of Gratz, Bruck, and Marburg, cap. Gratz. 

 5. Duchy of Carinthia, pop. 316,838. 6. Duchy of Crainia, pop. 474,525, 

 cap. Laibach. 7. Coast lands with Friaul and the counties Gorz and 

 Gradiska, pop. 500,000, cap. Triest. 8. Counties of Tyrol and Vorarlberg, 

 pop. 867,178, divided into four circles, those of Innsbruck, Brixen, Trient, 

 and Vorarlberg, cap. Innsbruck. 9. Kingdom of Bohemia, pop. 4,513,074, 

 divided into seven circles ; their capitals are Prague, Budweis, Prachatitz, 

 Gitschin, Bohmisch-Leippa, Eger, and Pilsen. 10. Marcgravedom of 

 Moravia, with 1,826,057 inhabitants, divided into the circles of Briinn 

 and Olmiitz, cap. Olmiitz. 11. Duchy of Silesia, w4th 467,420 inha- 

 bitants. 



II. Extra German. 1. Kingdom of Galicia, with the Duchy of Cracow, 

 pop. 5,250,000, cap. Lemberg. 2. Duchy of Bukowina, pop. 354,000, cap. 

 Czernowitz. 3. Kingdom of Dalmatia, Croatia, and Slavonia, with the 

 coast land of Croatia, pop. 1,300,000. 4. Kingdom of Hungary, pop. ten 

 milHons, cap. Ofen. 5. Grand Principality of Siebenbiirgen, pop. 2,182,000, 

 cap. Klausenburg. 6. Lands of the military limits, pop. 1,226,000, divided 

 into the Croatian, Hungarian, and Siebenbiirgian. 7. Lombardo- Venetian 

 kingdom, pop. five millions, divided into the government of Lombardy (cap. 

 Milan) and Venice, cap. Venice. 



ICONOGRAPinC ENCYCLOPJSDIA. VOL. III. 6 81 



