84 GEOGRAPHY. 



Trier, and Aix la Chapelle. The capital Cologne, with the suburbs, has 

 95,000 inhabitants. 



16. Germany (Double Plate 15, 16). 



Germany, including the Prussian provinces of Posen and Prussia, and 

 the Austrian provinces hitherto reckoned with Germany, extends from 

 44° 50' to 55° 50' of N. lat., and from 5° 44' to 22° 44' of longitude east 

 of Greenwich (23° 30' to 40° 30' east of Ferro). It is bounded on the 

 north by the North Sea, Denmark (Schleswig), and the Baltic ; east by 

 Russia, Poland, Galicia, and Hungary; south by Croatia, the Adriatic Sea, 

 Italy, and Switzerland ; and west by France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. 

 The area amounts to over 209,600 square geographical miles. 



The Alps, the most important of the mountains of Germany, have already 

 been considered under Austria, only a very small portion coming into 

 Germany proper, or into Bavaria. North of the Alps, the plateau of South 

 Germany expands itself to the Danube. The mountain districts of Middle 

 Germany may be divided into a western, middle, and eastern portion. In 

 the western, we find on the left bank of the Rhine, the Haardt (1800 to 

 2200 feet), the Donnersberg, the Hundsriick, the Eifelberg, and the high 

 Veen, which borders on the Ardennes. In the middle part between the 

 Rhine and the Elbe, are : a, between the Rhine, Danube, Naab, and Main : the 

 Schwarzwald, the German and Franconian Jura, the Odenwald ; b, between 

 the Rhine, Main, Werra, and Weser : Taunus, Vogelsgebirge, the Spessart, 

 the Rhone Mountain, the Westerwald, Siebengebirge, the Wesergebirge, 

 the Egge, the Teutoburgerwald ; c, between the Weser, Werra, Main, Naab, 

 Danube, March, and Elbe : the Hartz, the Frankenwald, the Thiiringer- 

 wald, the Fichtelgebirge, the Bohmerwald, the Saxon Erzgebirge, &c. 

 In the eastern part, there are only the Sudetes, individual regions of which 

 bear different names : the Meissner Highland or Saxon Switzerland, 

 Lausatian Mountains, Isargebirge, Riesengebirge, Silesian Erzgebirge, 

 Schweidnitz Mountains, &c. The northern part of Germany consists 

 of the north German plateau. 



The rivers may be divided into those of the northern and southern slopes. 

 To the former belong the Rhine, Ems, Weser, Elbe, Oder, Weichsel, Pregel, 

 and Memel (Niemen), together with several coast streams, as the Vechte, 

 Trave, Warnow, Recknitz, Peine, &c. To the southern slope belong the 

 Danube and the Etsch. Lakes of some size occur only in south Germany ; 

 thus, besides the Boden-see we here find Lakes Chiem, Ammer, Tegern, 

 Konig, Traun, &c. 



The climate of Germany, on the whole, is mild, although severe in the 

 Alpine districts. The climate of the north is generally moister and more 

 variable than that of the south ; in the east, the extremes of temperature are 

 greater than in the west. In the valleys of South Tyrol, and on the coast 

 land along the Adriatic, the climate is much like that of northern 

 Italy. 

 Bi 



