GEOGRAPHY. S.': 



The products are, on the whole, much the same with those already given 

 under the heads of Prussia and Austria. From the mineral kingdom are 

 derived, iron, lead, silver, copper, zinc, tin, mercury, cinnabar, &c. ; from 

 the vegetable, Indian corn, grain in general, chestnuts, almonds, &c. ; from 

 the animal, most European species of mammalia and birds, and of fishes, 

 sturgeon, salmon, trout, eels, pike, (fee. 



The population of Germany, with the provinces recently added, amounts 

 to forty-five millions ; densest in the kingdom of Saxony, and sparsest in 

 Pomerania and Mecklenburg-Strelitz. This, besides the Germans proper, 

 consists of seven to eight millions of Slavi, numerous Lithuanians in the 

 province of Prussia, 400,000 Italians (in lllyria and the Tyrol), 300,000 

 Walloons, about 400,000 Jews, 500 Greeks and Armenians, and 500 

 Zigeuni. In a denominational point of view, there are over twenty-two 

 millions of Roman Catholics, twenty-one millions of Lutherans and 

 Reformed, 35,000 Herrnhuters and other sects, with 400,000 Jews. The 

 arts and sciences have attained to a high degree of advancement among the 

 inhabitants of Germany ; and the state of education is in a highly prosperous 

 condition. Of the twenty-five universities, six are in Prussia, five in 

 Austria, three in Bavaria, tw^o in Baden, one to each in Wii.rtemberg, 

 Hanover, Saxony, Saxe- Weimar, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Hesse-Darmstadt, 

 Electoral Hesse, and Holstein. There are also several hundred Gymnasia 

 (Colleges), and about one hundred large public libraries. All branches 

 of agriculture, forest culture, cattle breeding, (fee, are prosperous. Foreign 

 commerce is carried on mainly from the towns of Hamburg, Triest, Bremen, 

 Stettin, Liibeck, Emden, Kiel, Dantzig, Berlin, Frankfurt on the Main, Leipzig, 

 Niirnberg, Augsburg, and Vienna. The German Zollverein or Customs 

 Union, has greatly contributed to the flourishing state of trade : this embraces 

 all the states excepting Austria, Hanover, Oldenburg, Schaumburg-Lippe, the 

 two Mecklenburgs, Holstein, the three Hanse towns, and Lichtenstein. 



The political relations of Germany are very undecided. The common- 

 wealth consists of thirty-eight larger and smaller states, which, after the 

 dissolution of the German Empire in 1806, were held together by the 

 German Alliance (established by the act of June 9th, 1815). This faulty 

 political creation fell to the ground soon after the meeting of the German 

 Constitutional Convention at Frankfurt on the Main, May 18th, 1848 

 (June 12, 1848) : this established a provisional central government, and at 

 the head of afiairs was established Archduke John of Austria as regent. 

 The convention above referred to, fixed upon a plan, according to which 

 the king of Prussia was to come in as the head of affairs ; but it separated 

 in May of the same year, without having had the plan recognised and 

 carried out. By a compact concluded on the 30th September, 1849, at 

 Vienna, between Austria and Prussia, a new provisional central government 

 has been established, to be managed by these two powers in common, and 

 to consist of two members from each state : nevertheless, this little 

 promising plan still lacks the assent of a portion of the remaining states. In 

 fact, the legent, on the 6th October, 1849, announced his return to the 

 exercise of his former office in Austria. 



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