GEOGRAPHY. ^ 87 



IX. Grand Duchy of Luxemburg with Limhurg, area 1392 square geogra- 

 phical miles, pop. 389,000 (see under Netherlands). 



X. Grand Duchy of Mecklenhurg-Sckwerin, area 3,648 square geographical 

 miles, and 528,000 inhabitants. Frederick Franz, Grand Duke since 1842. 

 The state constitutional law promulgated October 11, 1849. Gross revenues, 

 2,818,000 dollars. The land is divided into the Duchies of Schwerin and 

 Giistrow, the Principality of Schwerin, the Manor of Wismar, and the 

 District of Rostock. 



XL Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg- Strelitz, area 576 square geographical 

 miles, pop. 96,300. George Frederick, Grand Duke since 1816, rules 

 according to the ancient constitution, which applied to both Mecklenburgs. 

 The state is divided into the Duchy of Strelitz and the Principality of 

 Ratzeburg. 



XII. Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, area 1824 square geographical miles, 

 pop. 279,000. A constitutional government was introduced February 18, 

 1849, by Grand Duke Augustus, who has reigned since 1829. The revenues 

 for 1849 amounted to 576,000 dollars, the expenditures to about 856,000 

 dollars. The state is divided, both politically and physically, into three parts : 

 Duchy of Oldenburg, Principality Liibeck, and Principality Birkenfeld (on 

 the left bank of the Rhine) ; to these must be added the Herrschaft of 

 Kniphausen. 



XIII. Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, area 1072 squa];*e 

 geographical miles, pop. 257,000. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke siude 

 1828. Constitution of May 5th, 1816. Revenues over 500,000 dollais. 

 Divided into the Principality of Weimar (cap. of same name, pop. 12,000) 

 and Eisenach. 



XIV. Duchy of Brunswick, area 1152 square geographical miles, po[). 

 269,000. Present ruler, Duke William (since 1830). Constitution pro- 

 claimed October 12th, 1832. Revenues, 841,000 dollars. Divided into six 

 circles : Brunswick, Wolfenbiittel, Plelmstadt, Holzminden, Gandersheim, 

 and Blankenburg, cap. Brunswick, pop. 38,000. 



XV. Duchy of Nassau, area 1312 square geographical miles, and 418,600 

 inhabitants, Duke Adolphus, ruler since 1839. Constitution proclaimed 

 September 1, 1814, and changed 1848. Revenues over two millions of 

 florins. Divided into twenty-eight amts. cap. Wiesbaden, pop. 12,300. 



XVI. Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, area 592 square geographical miles, 

 and 147,000 inhabitants. Duke Ernest, ruler since 1844. This state is 

 divided into the Principality of Coburg and Gotha, each of which has its 

 own constitution, the former since 8th September, 1821, the latter since 

 March 25th, 1849. Revenues of the former, 122,217 dollars ; of the latter, 

 580,170 dollars. Capitals, Coburg, with 10,000, and Gotha, w4th 14,000 

 inhabitants. 



XVII. Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen, area 736 square geographical miles, 

 pop. 160,500. It consists of a Henneberg portion, a Coburg portion, the 

 Duchy of Hildburghausen, and the Principality of Saalfeld. Bernhard, 

 Duke since 1803. Constitution of August 23, 1829. Revenues, 1,208,208 

 florins ; cap. Meiningen, pop. 6000. 



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