GEOGRAPHY. 91 



125^ miles. e. The Upper Silesian road from Breslau by Oppeln and 

 Kosel to Myslovvitz, 124 miles, with connecting links from Breslau to 

 Freibm'g and Schweidnitz, 4l|- miles, from Brieg to Neisse, 28f miles, from 

 Kosel to Oderberg (Williams road), 33 J miles, and from Myslowitz to 

 Cracow. /. The Thuringian road from Halle by Naumburg, Weimar, 

 Erfm't, Gotha, and Eisenach, to Gerstungen, 115^ miles, w^th a small branch 

 to Waltershausen. g. The road from Berlin by Stettin to Stargard, 102|- 

 miles, and h, the road from Berlin by Potsdam to Magdeburg, 89| miles. 

 k. The road from Leipzig by Halle and Kothen to Magdeburg, 70 miles, 

 with a branch from Kothen to Bernburg, lOf miles. /. The road from 

 Magdeburg to Wittenberg on the Elbe (to connect with the Berlin-Hamburg 

 road), 66 miles, in. The road from Magdeburg by Oschersleben to Halber- 

 stadt, 35|- miles, n. The Rhenish road from Cologne by Aix-la-Chapelle to 

 Herbesthal on the borders of Belgium, 53 miles, with the road from Cologne 

 to Bonn, 18^ miles. o. The road from Diisseldorf to Elberfeld, with the 

 branch from Steele to Bowinkel, in all 35|- miles. 7. In Mecldenhurg : the 

 Mecklenburg road from Wismar by Schwerin to Hagenow on the Berlin- 

 Hamburg road, 39 miles (to be opened further north to Rostock, with a 

 branch to Giistrow, in 1850). 8. In Holstein : the road from Altona to 

 Kiel, formerly termed Christian VIII. Baltic railroad, with branches to Gluck- 

 stadt and Rendsburg, in all 96^ miles. 



From the above, it is evident that German railroads already reach the 

 bounds of Germany in the following places : at Myslowitz, from which a 

 road goes to Cracow, this again connecting wdth the Warsaw- Vienna road 

 to Warsaw : the borders of Hungary are touched in three places ; crossed 

 by roads to Presburg, Bruck, and Oedenburg ; at Basel, wdiere a small 

 portion only of the Baden railroad lacks completion ; at Herbesthal, on the 

 boundary of Belgium and Prussia, where the Belgian railroad joins on 

 directly to the Prussian (Rhenish) ; and at Kehl opposite Strasburg. To 

 sum up the whole, there are in Prussia 1564 miles of railroad, in Austria 

 773 miles, in Bavaria 377 miles, in Saxony 255 miles, in Hanover 223 

 miles, in Baden 193 miles, in Wiirtemberg 105 miles, &c. With the 

 exception of about 575 miles, all the German railroads form a continuous 

 network, extending from Kiel on the Baltic to Laibach, and from the 

 borders of Galicia to those of Belgium. 



Of the remaining continental countries, France comes next in respect to 

 extent of railroads ; the sum total amounting to 1840 miles. The lines 

 most worthy of mention are : 1. The north railroad from Paris by Arras to 

 Douay, and thence in two branches by Lille and Valenciennes to the 

 borders of Belgium, there connecting with the roads of the latter country ; 

 also branches from Amiens to Boulogne, from Lille to Calais and Dunkirk, 

 and from Creil to St. Quentm (opened to Chauny). 2. From Paris by 

 Rouen to Havre, with a branch from Rouen to Dieppe. 3. From Paris to 

 Versailles (two roads on either bank of the Seine), with a continuation to 

 Chartres. 4. From Paris to Orleans, and from Orleans on the one side by 

 Tours to Saumur (part of the road to Nantes), and on the other, to Vierzon 

 (central road), from which point again, one road runs to Chateauroux, 



91 



