98 GEOGRAPHY. 



or the new limits. The most important towns are IH or Guldja, Yarkand, 

 and Kaschgar. 



II. Tributary Provinces. 1. Mandschury, also called Tungusia or the 

 Amurland, in the north of China proper, area 480 to 560,000 square geogra- 

 phical miles, pop two millions, cap. Mukden. 2. Mongoly, area from 90 

 to 100,000 squaie geographical miles, inhabited by about three millions of 

 nomadic tribes, subject to twenty-six princes. The town of Urga is 

 situated in the north, and Dschehol in the south. 



III. Lands under the protection of China. 1. Butan or Bhotan, also 

 included under the East Indies, area about 48,000 square geographical 

 miles, pop. one million and a half, cap. Tassisudon. 2. Tiibet or Thibet, 

 area about 400,000 square geographical miles, cap. Hlassa, the residence of 

 the Dalai Lama, or the high priest, and at the same time temporal ruler. 

 3. Peninsula of Korea or Tschao-Sian, area 112,000 square geographical 

 miles. The king resides in Kinkitao. 4. The thirty-six Lukeio Islands, 

 area 6880 square geographical miles, with 300,000 inhabitants ; also the 

 eleven Madschico Islands south-west of the latter. 



9. Japan. 



This island-state on the eastern coast of Asia, embraces an area of 192 to 

 208,000 square geographical miles, with about twenty to thirty millions of 

 inhabitants. These are about equal to the Chinese in intellectual develop- 

 ment; they are of Mongolian descent, and are divided into eight different 

 classes. The national religion is that of Budha, in eicrht different sects, all 

 recognised by the state. The supreme ruler has for title Dairi. His, however, 

 is only a spiritual supremacy ; the Seogoun or Kubo governs in his name, with 

 two hundred princes subject to him. The entire state is divided into eight 

 provinces, sixty-eight circles, and 622 districts. The principal islands are 

 as follows : 



1. Nipon, about 80,000 square geographical miles, situated in the centre. 

 The capital, Dscheddo, is said to have 1,600,000 inhabitants ; Miako, the 

 residence of the Dairi, is not much smaller. 2. Kiusju or Schimo, area 20,800 

 square geographical miles, with its capital Nangasaki, where the business 

 of the Dutch Company is carried on : their factory is on the small island of 

 Desima. 3. Sikok, south of Nipon, 12,800 square geographical miles, cap. 

 Awa. 4. Jesso, north of Nipon, 46,400 square geographical miles, cap. 

 Matsmai, with 50,000 inhabitants. In addition to these, most of the Kurile 

 Islands belong to Japan. 



10. HiNDOSTAN OR HiTHER InDIA. 



Hindostan, or the western peninsula of the East Indies, this side of the 

 Ganges, embraces about 1,120,000 square geographical miles, and is divided 

 by physical features into four essentially different portions : 1, the Alpine 

 98 



