GEOGRAPHY. 105 



4. Danish: forts Akkra (No. 10), Quita (No. 12), Christiansburg, Friedens- 

 burg, and others, on the Gold Coast ; Prinzenstein on the Slave Coast. 



c. Lower or South Guinea, separated from Upper Guinea by the Ambos 

 highlands, and partly under the supremacy of the Portuguese (300,000 

 subjects), contains the following independent negro kingdoms : 1. Loango, 

 cap. of same name ; subject to it is the kingdom of Cakongo. 2. Congo, to 

 the south of the preceding, with the town of San Salvador or Congo. 

 Under Portuguese dominion, are : B, Angola, with the town of S. Paolo de 

 Loando, and 4, Benguela, with the Portuguese town of the same name : in 

 the interior is the town of Matamba. 



7. Soudan. 



By this is to be understood an indefinite extent of country in the interior 

 of Middle Africa, bounded on the north by the Sahara, east by Darfur, 

 west by Senegambia and Upper Guinea, and south by the inner highlands. 

 The area of this little known country (entirely unexplored in the eastern 

 part) amounts at least to from 640 to 800,000 square geographical miles. The 

 low northern part is called Low Soudan or Nigritia. The district of Haussa 

 divides it into a western and eastern portion, the former of which contains 

 the basin of the Niger or Quarra (termed Dscholliba in its upper part), the 

 latter that of Lake Tschad. The inhabitants are negroes, as far as known ; 

 amongst them the most advanced in civilization are the Haussans. The 

 principal kingdoms, as far as known, are : 1. Bornu, probable pop. five 

 millions ; chief town. New Birnie, not far from Lake Tschad. 2. Haussa, 

 or the kingdom of the Fellatahs ; chief town, Sakkatu. 3. Mandara, south 

 of Bornu ; chief town. Mora. 4. Yarriba, cap. Katunga or Eyeo. 5. 

 Borgu, cap. Bussa. 6. Yauro, cap. Yauri. 7. Timhuctoo, cap. Timbuctoo, 

 an important place of trade. 8. Lower Bamharra, cap. Inne or Dschenne. 

 9. Upper Bamhara, cap. Sago or Segu. The more elevated portion of 

 Soudan to the north of North Guinea, is called High Soudan, 



8. The East Coast. 



This coast, 3680 statute miles long, from Cape Guardafui to Delagoa Bay, 

 or from 12° N. lat. to 25i-° S. lat., is still but very little known. The 

 inhabitants are mainly negroes, but in the north we find Arab tribes. The 

 only European settlements are those of the Portuguese, who have had a 

 footing for more than three hundred years. The subdivisions of the country 

 are from north to south as follows: 1. Ajan, or the deserts of the Somalis 

 and Sowalis, mostly desert, and inhabited by Arab and Galla tribes. Towns, 

 Mukdischa, Magadoxo, Brava, Melinde. 2. Zanguebar or Zanzibar, from 

 the river Quilimanci to the river Mongallo, on Cape Delgado ; cities, 

 Mombaca, Lamu. Here belong the islands of Pemba and Zanguebar, on 

 the latter of which resides the Imaum of Muscat. 3. Mozambique, from 



105 



