I J 6 GEOGRAPHY. 



of 163,800 square statute miles, and a pop. of 250,000 (160,000 negroes), 

 exclusive of the free Indians. Maroon-negroes or runaway slaves are 

 numerous in the forests. 



a. British Guiana has an area of 98,700 square statute miles, and a pop; 

 of 100,000, among which 7000 are whites. It is divided into three 

 colonies : Demerara, Essequibo, and Berbice, cap. Georgetown, with 20,000 

 inhabitants. 



b. Netherlandish Guyana or Surinam, area 35-37,800 square statute 

 miles, and a pop. of only 70,000 ; of this, 60,000 are slaves ; cap. Parama- 

 ribo, with 20,000 inhabitants. 



c. French Guiana or Cayenne, 27-29,400 square statute miles, pop. 

 22,000, of which 15,000 are negro slaves; cap. Cayenne, on a small island. 



3. Empire of Brazil. 



The area of this enormous state, the second in point of rank in America, 

 amounts to 2,300,000 square statute miles, and the pop. to 5,200,000, without 

 including the wild Indian tribes. Brazil was a Portuguese territory from 

 the sixteenth century; from 1815 it was a kingdom ; and since 1822 it has 

 been an independent state, with a representative government, and an 

 emperor. Since 1831, the emperor has been Don Pedro II., of the House 

 of Braganza, brother of the reigning Queen of Portugal. The map exhibits 

 the eighteen provinces into which the empire is divided. The capital city 

 is Rio Janeiro, with 150,000 inhabitants ; next to it, in point of size, come 

 the two towns of Bahia, with 80,000, and Pernambuco, with 60,000 

 inhabitants. 



4. Republic of Peru. 



With an area of 524,000 square statute miles, this state has a population 

 of 1,374,000 souls. This consists chiefly of Creoles, Mestizoes, Mulattoes, 

 Indians, and Negroes, all of whom, with little exception, profess the Roman 

 Catholic religion. Our map presents the three departments, Lima, Liber- 

 tad, and Junin ; but recent geographers add four more provinces, Arequipa, 

 Ayacucho, Cuzco, and Puno ; and others again, the departments, Amazonas, 

 Anchas, Guancavelica, and Mosquegna ; cap. Lima, with 40,000 inhabitants. 



5. Republic of Bolivia. 



Under Spanish government this country was called Upper Peru ; but 

 becoming free in 1825, it took the name of Bolivar, which was subsequently 

 changed to Bolivia. It covers an extent of 318,000 square statute miles, 

 and has a pop. of 1,700,000 souls, more than half of which are tributary 

 Indian tribes. The cap. is Chuquisaca, formerly termed Charcas or La 

 Plata (pop. 13,000). Other iniportant towns are Potosi, with 14,000, 

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