GEOGRAPHY. Hi) 



color, and the more or less black Papuas or Australian Negroes. The latter 

 live principally on the mainland and the western islands. The number of 

 Europeans probably exceeds 200,000. 



1. East Australia or New South Wales, 



The English have here had a colony of criminals, in the southern part 

 of the east coast, since 1788; it is this district only, divided into nineteen 

 counties, or New South Wales proper, that is known with any degree of 

 precision. In 1837, there were 37,830 convicts, and 47,270 free people : 

 of these 54,600 were Protestants, and 21,900 Roman Catholics. In 1845. 

 the English population amounted to 181,500. The capital is Sidney, with 

 26 to 30,000 inhabitants in the county of Cumberland. Other important 

 towns are Paramatta and Bathurst. 



2. South Australia. 



The English have had a settlement here since 1836, the capital of which 

 is Adelaide. In 1842, with an area of 113,040 square geographical miles, 

 it possessed a pop. of 15,000. The European population, at the end of 

 1849, was estimated at 25,000. East of this is the colonv oi Australia 

 Felix, established in 1839; cap. Melbourne. West of South Australia lies 

 Nuyts Land, with a colony at Port Raffles, settled in 1827. 



3. Western Australia. 



Since 1828, there has been an English settlement in Leeuwin's Land, on 

 the southern part of this coast, which now embraces twenty-six counties in 

 an area of 75,360 square geographical miles, cap. Perth. The whole colony 

 contained 3476 inhabitants in 1842. The coast north of this is called, in 

 order of succession, Blaming's Land, Edel's Land, Eendracht's Land (the 

 first discovered part of the coast by the Netherlanders in 1616), Dewitt's 

 Land, and Tasman's Land. 



4. North Australia. 



In 1824, the English took possession of the peninsula to the west of the 

 Gulf of Carpentaria, called Arnhem's Land and Van Diemen's Land, 

 together with the islands of Melville and Bathurst. On the peninsula of 

 Coburg is situated the town of Victoria. East of the Gulf of Carpentaria 

 is the entirely unknown Carpentaria Land. 



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