I'LANX^GKAniY. 



133 



24. Large space intended for Parades 



and Barracks. 



25. Strategetical ways, connecting 



the forts. 



26. Barracks. 



27. Military Hospital. 



a. Pont (bridge) de Bercy. 



h. " d'Austerlitz. 



c. " de Constantine. 



d. " de Damiette. 



e. " de la Tournelle. 



f. " Marie. 



g. " de la Cite. 



Ii. '' Louis Philippe. 



i. " d' Arcole. 



k. " Notre Darne. 



/. " au Change. 



m. " Neuf. 



n. " de I'Archeveche. 



0. " au Double. 



p. •' St. Michel (Petit). 



q. " St. Michel (Grand). 



r. " des Arts. 



s. '*' du Carrousel. 



t. •' Royal. 



u. " de la Concorde. 



V. Pont des Invalides. 

 w. " d'Jena. 

 X. " de Grenelle. 



Observations. 



1. The line outside of the ring wall 



and of the forts, indicates the 

 breadth of the glacis. 



2. The first dotted line indicates the 



breadth of the militarv district. 



3. The second dotted line about the 



forts, indicates the mean musket 

 range. 



4. The second dotted circular line 



about the forts, indicates the 

 mean grapeshot range. 



5. The third dotted circular line indi- 



cates the extreme range of 

 the mortars and twenty-four 

 pounders. 



6. The Bastions of the Ring walls bear 



the successive numbers, 1-94, 

 beginning at the Seine above 

 Bercy. 



3. Constantinople {Plate 36). 



Constantinople, the Turkish Stamboul, the capital of the Turkish Empire, 

 is situated at the southern entrance of the Straits of Constantinople, 

 formerly the Bosphorus. It forms a triangle, the northern part of which is 

 bounded by the Bay of Constantinople, the southern by the Sea of Marmora, 

 while the third side is occupied by fields and gardens. The population, like 

 tnat of all eastern cities, is hard to determine, although it amounts at least 

 to half a million, of which half are Turks, one fourth Greeks, and the rest 

 Europeans, Jews, and Armenians. The city wall, erected by the Emperor 

 Theodosius, is provided with 548 tow^ers, and protected by a ditch twenty- 

 five feet broad ; the walls are doubled on the land side, often trebled, with a 

 space of twenty feet between the walls. The most remarkable part of the 

 city is its extreme point on the sea, which contains the castle of the Grand 

 Turk, called Serai or Seraglio ; this is over two miles in circumference, 

 includes a number of gardens, mosques, &c., and is inhabited by some 

 thousands of persons. Near the Seraglio is the residence of the Grand 

 Vizier, the gate of which is called the Sublime Porte. Next to the Seraglio, 

 the most remarkable public buildings are the Mosques, built by the Sultanjj. 



133 



