PLAXOGRAPHY. 



13ii 



38. Ancient Cisterns. 



39. The Fanal (Lighthouse). 



40. Tekfur SeragHo, former palace 



of Constantine the Great. 



54. Mosque MustafFa EfFendi. 



55. " Sinan Pasha. 



56. Palace of Sultana Begum. 



57. " " Valide. 



Suburb of Galata. 



41. Barracks of the Bombardiers. 



42. Old Cannon Foundry. 



43. Engineers' School. 



44. New Cannon Foundry, with the 



Administration Buildings. 



45. Magazines and Ropewalks. 



46. School Building. 



47. Seraglio of the Capudan Pasha. 



48. Magazines and Wharfs. 



49. Tower of Galata. 



50. Old Artillery Barracks. 



51. New 



52. Mosque, Coffee Houses, and 



Fountains. 



53. Palace of Beshik-Tash. 



Suburb of Per a. 



a. Hotel of the French Embassy. 



b. " " 



c. " 

 d. 

 e. " 



Austrian " 

 Holland 

 English " 



Norweo'ian-S wed ish 



Embassy. 



Scutari. 



58. Granaries. 



59. Mosque Shemsi Pasha. 



60. Ibrik dschamisi. 



61. Khan of the Sultana Mother, 



4. St. Petersburg (Plate 37). 



St. Petersburg is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe, not on account 

 of its position, but by merit of its superior plan and architectural features. 

 It is the most important commercial place in the Russian Empire, of which 

 it is also one of the capitals. It is situated between the Lake of Ladoga and 

 the Gulf of Finnland, near the mouth of the River Neva. It has a circum- 

 ference of nearly sixteen miles, w^ith a population of some 450,000, amongst 

 which are only about 150,000 females; there are 120,000 peasants, 75,000 

 military persons ; 25,000 Lutherans, 23,000 Roman Catholics, 8000 Reformed, 

 2,200 Mohammedans, 570 Jews ; 3000 French, 2700 English, 20-25,000 

 Germans, &c. Of its 8700 houses, 5400 are of wood ; there are ten imperial 

 palaces, over 750 government buildings, 304 police stations, 163 churches 

 and chapels, amongst them but twelve Protestant and Roman Catholic. The 

 city is divided into thirteen districts, of which nine lie on the southern 

 bank of the Neva ; two form islands, Petrofskoi and Wasiliefskoi-Ostrow; 

 between the Neva and Newka ; one lies north of the Neva, and is not yet 

 fully built up ; the thirteenth district is the former village of Ochta on the 

 Neva. In all, excepting the last, which has been but recently drawn into 

 the city, the streets are straight and broad. The finest street is the 

 Newsky-perspective, 15,000 feet long, and 140-150 feet broad, abounding in 

 the most brilliant shops. The finest parts of the city are the four Admiralty 



135 



