144 GEOGRAPHY. 



intersected by meadow lands and avenues, which occupies the place of the 

 ;ormer fortifications : a further separation is effected by ramparts forty to sixty 

 feet high, with eleven bastions (the latter partly changed into public gardens 

 and promenades). All the suburbs, however, lie within the line, a wall 

 twelve feet high and 42,500 feet long. Although the inner town (with 12 

 gates, 127 streets, 19 squares, 1300 houses, and 64,000 inhabitants) is 

 irregularly built, it has many beautiful buildings, and numerous palaces. 

 The finest squares are : the Burg or Paradeplatz, 950 feet long ; the Hof, 

 400 feet long, with a marble column and two fountains ; the High Market, 

 with a marble monument in the form of a temple, representing the nuptial? 

 of Joseph and Mary ; the Franzensplatz, with a monument to Emperor 

 Francis I. ; the Grahen, a street 100 feet broad, with the Marble Trinity 

 Column, 66 feet high ; the Josephsplatz, with an equestrian statue of 

 Emperor Joseph II., 33 feet high ; the New Market, with a beautiful basin, 

 and the Freiung, with the new fountain, ornamented by Schwanthaler's 

 allegorical representations of the four principal rivers. The principal 

 buildings are : the Burg or imperial residence, 1200 feet long, with three 

 courts, and containing in one hall, 240 feet long and 84 broad, the Imperial 

 Library, with 360,000 volumes and 12,000 manuscripts ; the great Imperial 

 Cabinet of Natural History in 4 halls ; also a collection of 300,000 engravings, 

 antiquities, works of art, &c., 32,000 coins and medals, and the Treasury ; 

 the Riding School near the Burg ; the Castle of Arch Duke Charles ; 

 the Hof kammer ; the Bank ; the War Department, and the University 

 Buildings ; and about thirty noteworthy private palaces. Of the fifty-six 

 churches and chapels (among them only two Protestant and three Greek) 

 are St. Stephen's Church, 330 feet long, 216 broad, with a spire 432^ 

 feet high (containing a bell weighing 35,400 pounds), 38 marble altars, 

 31 windows, and many tombs, amongst them those of Prince Eugene of 

 Savoy, and of Emperor Frederick III. ; the Augustins' Church, with the 

 celebrated monument to the Grand Duchess Christina, by Canova ; the 

 Church of the Redemptorists at Maria-Stiegen, with a spire 180 feet high, 

 ending in a calyx and surmounted by a cross ; the Capucin Church, with 

 the tombs of the imperial family ; the Italian Church, and the Church of St 

 Michael. 



Of the suburbs, which are divided into eight police districts, the most 

 beautiful are the Leopoldstadt and Josephstadt, as also the Jagerzeil and the 

 Taborstrasse ; the most extended, however, are the Wieden, with 33,000 

 inhabitants, the Landstrasse with 26,000, the Leopoldstadt with 23,000 

 the Schottenfeld with 21,000, and Gumpendorf with 13,000. The principal 

 buildings of the suburbs are the Imperial stable, 600 feet long, capable 

 of containing 400 horses ; the Palace Belvedere, containing the valuable 

 picture gallery, and in an adjoining building the Ambrase collection of 

 armor and works of art of the middle ages ; the two Liechtenstein Palaces, 

 one of them with a rich gallery of paintings ; the Esterhazy and the 

 Auersperg Palaces ; the Stahremberg Free-House, with 300 residences and 

 2200 inhabitants ; the Medico-Chirurgical, the Engineer and the Nobles' 

 Academies ; the Invalid Hospital for 800 men ; the Polytechnic Institute ; 

 144 



