14S GEOGRAPHY. 



124. Nussdorfer Haupt Strasse. 127. Grosse Kirchen Gasse. 



125. Lichtenthaler " " 128. Schimmel Gasse. 



126. Kirchen Gasse. 



8. Lisbon {Plate 40). . 



Lisbon, or Lisboa, the capital of the kingdom of Portugal, is situated on 

 the Tagus, being extended for about five miles along its bank. It includes 

 a population of about 280,000 souls, amongst which are a goodly number of 

 negroes and mulattoes. In point of beauty of situation it competes with 

 Naples, Constantinople, Genoa, and Stockholm. It has neither walls nor 

 gates, but incloses three hills, as also numerous gardens, and even some 

 fields. The north and east quarters of the town are irregularly built, and 

 contain mostly narrow, crooked, and in part steep, streets. On the other 

 hand, however, the New City, built up since the great earthquake of 1755, 

 is equally conspicuous for its regularity and beauty. Here we find three 

 great squares : the Praza do Comercio, or Trade Market, 600 feet long, 

 adorned, in addition to the brazen equestrian statue of Joseph I., by a 

 number of splendid buildings, such as Library, Exchange, Custom House, 

 Government Buildings, Arsenal, India House, &c. ; also the Rocio, 1800 

 feet lOng, and the Praza do Figueira or Fruit Market, planted with trees 

 and filled with booths ; the Praza do Polerim, &c. In addition to the 

 buildings already named, there are the Opera House, City Hall, Arsenal, the 

 College of the Nobility, the Corn Hall, the Cannon Foundry, the Prison 

 (Limoeiro), the Treasury, &c. The numerous churches are neither large 

 nor beautiful, although generally adorned to a great extent internally ; the 

 Patriarchal Church, by its elevation on a hill, towers above all the rest, and 

 the Church of St. Rochus is worthy of note, on account of its splendid 

 chapel built by John V. The Royal Palace lies in the hamlet of Belem, 

 now embraced within the city. A masterpiece of architecture is seen in 

 the marble aqueduct, built by John V., which supplies the city with water ; 

 it consists of thirty-five arches, which carry the water for 2400 feet across 

 the valley of Alcantara : the highest of these arches is over 230 feet in 

 elevation. The city itself is without fortifications ; a remnant of antiquity 

 is met with in the Moorish Castle on the highest hill in the city, in which 

 are kept the Archives, and a House of Correction. The extensive and safe 

 harbor is protected by several forts : Fort St. Juliao, Torre do Buzio, Belem, 

 and St. Sebastiao. 



Explanation of the Plan. 



Squares. C. Pra^a (square) Rate. 



D. "^ Romulares. 



A. Pra^a (square) Alcantara. E. " Rocio. 



B. " Amorciras. F. " Allegria. 

 •148 



