HISTOEY AND ETHNOLOGY. 9 



They covered their heads either with the capes of their full wide-sleeved 

 cloaks, or with a peculiar cap {pL 6, fig. 39). At their public solemnities, 

 as festivals, sacrifices, &c., they wore a dress with tight sleeves, and over this 

 another, which was embroidered and had no sleeves. Ribbons and wreaths 

 adorned their heads ; and they usually wore boots, laced in front. The 

 upper part of the leg was left bare {pi. 7, fig. 14). 



5. Celts, Scythians, and Sarmatians. 



According to the Greek historians, the Celts lived in Western Europe. 

 The Romans called them Gauls, and under this name particularly, they have 

 rendered themselves illustrious for energy and powder. 



It is highly probable that they occupied the districts around the Caspian 

 Sea, whence they emigrated about the time of the elder Tarquin, 

 overrunning the South and' West of Europe. PI. 6, fig. 28, a Sarmatian 

 head-dress ; fig. 29, the tiara of a Scythian king. 



6. Indians and Chinese. 



By many writers the Indians are regarded as the most ancient people 

 extant, because about them we have the earliest records of their state of 

 civilization ; but their annals are involved in the usual obscurity which marks 

 all chronicles of remote antiquity. Modern East India is the scene of their 

 pursuits ; and much information may be gathered from their architecture, 

 temples, monuments, and sepulchres. 



We give (pJ. 3, fig. 37) a ground plan of an Indian pyramid, used as a 

 tomb ; fig. 38, elevation of the same ; and fig. 39, a section. Other 

 interesting monuments of ancient Indian architecture will be represented 

 on the plates illustrating Architecture. 



The dress of the Indians, mostly made of silk and cotton, was not 

 remarkably gaudy. The head coverings were melon-shaped, as pi. 6, fig. 

 33, female head-dress, and figs. 34, 36, male head-dresses ; or cylindrical 

 (fig- 37) ; or simply a hood {fig- 35) extending down below the neck. 

 Their fans were made of peacocks' and pheasants' feathers {fig. 43) ; also, 

 the fly brushes {figs. 44, 45). They did not display much skill in their 

 ornaments, if we may judge from a necklace {fig. 41), or from a belt 

 {fig. 45 *). 



Of China we shall treat more at large hereafter. We here only describe 

 the emperor's dress {pi. 6, fig. 42). He wore a pearl in his cap (the cap 

 buttons are used even in modern times, to mark the rank of the Chinese), 

 and a yellow silk under-dress, on which was stamped the five-clawed 

 dragon, which none but the emperor might wear. The w^arriors differ but 

 slightly in dress from the other classes {pi. 2, fig. 5). Their armor 

 consisted of the short sword, and the bow and arrow, and they wore a 

 species of helmet or leather cap, as a defence to the head and face. 



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