24 HISTORY AND ETHNOLOGY. 



but the mere assuaging of hunger and thirst. The black soup, a dish 

 composed mainlj of blood and onions, was common in earlier times. After 

 the death of Agesilaus, however, Sparta began to acquire a taste for Asiatic 

 luxury. Athens, too, sober and frugal at the time of Solon, from the days 

 of Pericles adopted a costly method of living. During meals the company 

 reclined, according to their rank, upon soft and luxuriant couches, and 

 incense and other fragrant odors perfumed the halls, while vessels of silver 

 and gold glittered upon the tables. The guests were anointed with costly 

 balsam, and their heads festooned with garlands. Yarious amusements took 

 place during the repast. PI. 8, jig. 2, dancers ; ])l. 9, figs. 23 and 24, 

 dice ; figs. 21 and 22, theatrical masks ; figs. 5 and 6, female jugglers. The 

 Greeks had quite a fondness for magic and jugglery. At the close of the 

 feast a libation of wine was poured out to the gods. 



The Spartan dress prescribed by Lycurgus was characterized by great 

 simplicity. The clothing was frequently nothing more than a short 

 mantle ; the head was sheltered by a broad hat, a plain sandal covered the 

 foot, and the hand grasped a stout club. The women as yet retained the 

 old Doric habit : a light, thin garment, which did not even quite cover the 

 thighs, as it was left open on the two sides. The natural feeling of 

 feminine delicacy was early suppressed, and women strengthened their 

 bodies by vigorous exercises, with a view to the production of healthy, 

 vigorous children. Later, their freedom of manners degenerated into 

 licentiousness, and they too got a taste for luxury and prodigality. The 

 Ionic style was distinguished for fullness, and training of the state-dress. 

 The hair was tastefully dressed in clustered curls, fastened by costly pins. 



Some Greeks wore a state-dress of linen, others one of woollen material. 

 Later, this habiliment was also changed in Athens for the Dorian one, 

 which was shorter and lighter. Usually the dress was uncolored, but at 

 public solemnities a yellow one was worn. The sandal protecting the foot 

 was fastened by a strap. When hunting the Greeks wore a kind of boot. 



After the Peloponnesian war the Athenians also introduced a considerable 

 luxury in dressing, such as numerous ornaments for the head and feet, 

 costly colored shawls, and special clothes for the different seasons. The 

 women of Athens appeared in public with a long flowing robe of wool or 

 linen, fastened round the waist by a splendid girdle or sash. In the other 

 states, also, this costume gradually supplanted the Dorian one, which was 

 much freer. In this period women began to put rouge on their cheeks and 

 to paint their eyebrows ; they also adorned their heads with flowers. 

 PI. Y, fig. 2"*, two Grecian girls ; fig. 3, a youth ; fig. 4, a spinner ; fig. 5, 

 a songstress ; fig. 6, an Amazon ; fig. 7, female half-dress ; figs. 8-13, 

 several Greek female garments ; fig. 14, dress of a Phrygian ; 

 figs. 15, 16, two Greeks from Mount Ida; jt>Z. 9, j^^. 4, a Bachante, or 

 priestess of Bacchus ; fig. 3, a dancer. 



We pass on to the dwellings of the Greeks ; and first, the houses of the 



princes, as being the finest and most costly. The residence of Ulysses, for 



instance, was surrounded by a wall crowned with battlements. The visitor 



entered the domestic halls, and passed by a double-gate to the front-yard, 



196 



