HISTORY AND ETIINOJ.OGY. 25 



which was paved and surrounded b}' a veranda. IS^ext followed a suite of 

 rooms for various purposes. The actual dwelling-house contained baths 

 and other conveniences, besides the hall for the men and the apartment 

 where the queen worked, attended by her servants, and which had several 

 contiguous rooms. 



When the city was in its infancy, the houses of the wealthy citizens did 

 not differ materially from those of the poorer people. They were small 

 and simple, whereas the city in its prime was embellished by large public 

 structures, and in the time of Alexander the Great the private edifices 

 reached no ordinary elegance. The houses did not rise above two stories, 

 and had in their centre a yard surrounded by a colonnade. The apartments 

 of the men and women were separated. PI. ^'ffig- 4, interior of a dwelling- 

 house. 



In the age of luxury, the household furniture and vessels of primitive 

 simplicity were replaced by others of more costly material and finish. 

 The elegant forms, fine paintings, and richly wrought vessels were most 

 remarkable. The bowls, goblets, censers for frankincense, &c., sometimes 

 earthen, but mostly of brass and silver, were gorgeously wrought, and 

 frequently of gold set with precious stones. Among all the objects of art 

 of this kind which remain from those days, none have attracted greater 

 attention than the Etruscan vases. They derive their name from Etruria, 

 partly because the Greeks highly prized the vases there made, and partly on 

 account of their design, which was supposed to be of Etruscan origin. They 

 have been brought to light in Campania as well as in Greece, especially in 

 the vicinity of Athens. The material is a fine red clay, the form graceful, 

 and the tracery beautiful, easy, and well drawn. The colors are red on a 

 ground of black. A few have black figures on a red ground, but they 

 are supposed to be the earliest specimens. PI, 10^ Jig. IT. 



We give in^^. 10 a general view of the Etruscan pottery, implements, 

 and furniture ; Jigs. 2-6, chairs and seats of various forms ; 7, a round 

 table ; 8, water-basin ; 9, large water font ; 10-12, small drinking vessels ; 

 13-18, vases of several kinds ; 19-21, other vases and jars ; 22, a jug ; 23, 

 bottle for wine or other liquids ; 24-27'^, spoons, ladles, and dippers ; 

 28"'', lamps ; 29, 30, candlesticks ; 31-34, various candelabra ; 35, scales ; 

 36, 37, hatchet and axe ; 38, a mallet ; 39, a hand-saw. Kext follows a list 

 of toilette furniture for Grecian women. Pig. 40, a casket for ornaments ; 

 41, a sun-shade ; 42, a fan ; 43°* and 44, metallic mirrors ; 45-54, boxes, 

 combs, hair-ties, armlets, eardrops, &c. 



In concluding matrimonial alliances, the Greeks attached more importance 

 to the wishes of the parents than to the inclinations of the parties to be 

 united. The youth who asked for a maiden's hand sent presents to her 

 parents. If he was accepted he led his bride home in a solemn procession, 

 preceded by torches. A number of young people of both sexes danced 

 and sang, and the festivity closed with a banquet. A man was allowed 

 to have a plurality of wives, but the principal consort always enjoyed the 

 domestic supremacy. 



Marriage was established in Sparta for public utility ; it was a union 



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