128 HISTORY AND EinNTOLOGY. 



face flat and broad ; the cheek bones prominent ; the eyes long, with narrow 

 openings, and oblique ; the nose depressed ; the mouth large ; the beard very 

 thin ; the complexion dark brown ; stature small, frame stout, and the strong 

 lower limbs appear disproportionally short. The Esquimaux, again, have 

 high cheek bones, bi-oad forehead, flat face ; eyes with narrow fissures, long 

 lashes, and so small that the white is scarcely visible ; a large mouth ; flat- 

 tened nose ; dark yellow or brown complexion, and straight black hair. 

 The men are of medium stature, or small, but stout; the hands and feet are 

 small. • ■ 



Besides these last named people, America ofi"ers us an indigenous popula- 

 tion, which is divided into many tribes and very numerous stocks, extend- 

 incT from the northern latitude of the Polar Circle to Terra del Fuecro in 

 the south. Of these we have represented, at jig. 17, a Charriia Indian, 

 Jigs. 19 and 20, Crow Indians^ and fig. 21, a Californlan. The Indians 

 have in general a vigorous, broad, though not tall form. The chest is broad, 

 the neck short and thick, the abdomen very prominent ; the lower part of 

 the thigh not powerful, the calves especially thin, but the arms round and 

 muscular. The foot is small behind and ver}^ broad before ; the great toe 

 is separated from the others ; the hands are almost always cold, and the 

 fingers, comparatively speaking, thin ; the nails are very short ; the color 

 of the skin is copper-red. The children are, however, yellowish, like mu- 

 lattoes ; sick persons are brownish-yellow ; the darkness of the complex- 

 ion is also more decided in those who are especially vigorous and active, 

 and live much in the open air. Their skin is fine, soft, and shining ; and 

 when exposed to the sun, much inclined to perspire. The long, coarse, 

 straight, glossy hair hangs down in thick tangled masses. The beard of the 

 men is generally thin ; with some, however, thick. The crown of the head 

 and the cheek bone are broad, corresponding with the breadth of the chest ; 

 the forehead is low ; the tem.ples are prominent, narrow above, and very, 

 retreating. The occiput does not hang so low dov»'n as with the Negro. 

 The face is broad and angular, and projects much less than in the Negro, 

 but more than is the case with the Calmucs and Europeans. The small, 

 neatly shaped ears turn somewhat outwardly. The eye is small and dark 

 brown, placed slanting, and turned towards the inner corner of the nose; 

 the eyebrows are thin, and very high in the middle ; the nose is short but 

 depressed, broad below, and not turned up so much as with the Negro ; the 

 Avide nostrils are but little prominent : the lips are not so thick and prominent 

 as is the case with the Negro, and the mouth is smaller and more compact ; 

 the teeth are white, and the incisors very broad and even, the eye-teeth 

 projecting. From all this it follows that the Indian bears a greater resem- 

 blance to other races, especially the Chinese and Calmucs, than to the 

 Negro. The Charrua Indians of Buenos A^^res, below the 40th degree of 

 south latitude, nre almost black, and Vvithout any mixture of red. The 

 Osage Indians (pi. 1, fig. 18) have their villages on the head waters of 

 the Osage and the Verdigris, one of the northern tributaries of the Arkansas. 

 They have relinquished a part of their territory to the United States, and 

 are still, even at the present day, a numerous and powerful nation, which 

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