ETHNOLOGY OF THE PRESENT DAY. 139 



metal buttons ; a blue jacket ; sliort black breeches with metal buttons, and 

 black stockings. The Yierland peasant woman is distinguished, in the first 

 place, by a peculiar straw hat, which is turned high up and then bent down 

 again. The hair is plaited into long braids, which hang down. Bows of 

 black riband, with long tips, adorn the neck. A jacket, a short full petticoat, 

 an apron, and black stockings complete the dress. 



The Ilolsteiners are a vigorous, well set, very healthy race, and the 

 peasants support themselves by horse-dealing, cattle breeding, and the ex- 

 tensive cultivation of grain and rape-seed. Ilolstein butter is cclebrate<l. 

 PL 3, jig. 2, gives us a picture of a Ilolstein butter woman, who is 

 especially distinguished by a round hat, about which is bound a broad 

 black riband with bows. The remainder of the attire has in it nothing 

 peculiar. 



The East Friesians are a people who love truth and rectitude, and who are 

 loyally attached to their native countr^^ They are straightforward and guile- 

 less ; serious and discreet ; devoted to that w^hich is ancient and mistrustful 

 of innovations, but Avhen the latter have been once tested, they introduce 

 them energetically. They are withal frugal, temperate, chaste, hospitable, 

 but in a measure still very superstitious. The mode of life and disposition 

 certainly differ in different districts, but in the interior the ancient character 

 and manner of life are still the most prevalent. Fig. 6, a female peasant of 

 Saterland in East Friesia (in the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg). The people of 

 Saterland are single-minded, good-hearted, friendly men, who are strongly 

 attached to their old customs and usages, to their ancient rights and 

 liberties. The woman here represented is in her Sunday dress, intending 

 to go to church. She has on a white cap, with red ribands upon it ; a red 

 jacket and a red petticoat ; black sleeves on the fore-arms, besides a fancy- 

 colored handkerchief over the bosom, and a green apron tied around the 

 waist. Fig. 7 gives the picture of a servant girl from Leer, a Hanoverian 

 town on the Leda, thirteen miles south-east from Emden, and thirty from 

 Oldenburg. Maritime trade is brisk at this place, where there are also 

 considerable linen factories and horse-markets. The servant girl here 

 represented has over the brown or generally dark-colored petticoat, a 

 short garment which reaches only to the knees, with short sleeves, and 

 cut out a little at the top. The hair is worn parted on the crown and 

 tucked up behind. A long green apron is tied around the w^aist. The 

 fish-women of East Friesland {fig. 8) wear red petticoats, black bodices, 

 and no neckerchiefs ; a straw hat with red ribands and re.l trim- 

 mings ; grey stockings and coarse fishermen's shoes, turned up high in 

 front. 



The Middle Germans also display many differences among themselves ; 

 and their manners, customs, costumes, and lancjuase, are mermns:, at the 

 north and south, into those of the North and South Germans. The two 

 principal portions are the Thuringian Upper Saxon and the Hessian group 

 of territories. The former consists of the Kingdom of Saxony, around 

 which are grouped the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar and the Saxon 

 Duchies, and the Principalities of Schwarzburg and Reuss ; and the hitter 



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