146 HISTORY AND ETHNOLOGY. 



pine twigs. They are about ten inches in diameter, and are interwoven on 

 the inside with cord. One of these hoops is laid flat under each foot, and 

 fastened to it with strings, by means of which the sole obtains a greater 

 surface and cannot easily sink in the deep snow. When the people cross the 

 mountains they make use for support of a smooth pine stick about five 

 Bohemian feet long and an inch and a half thick. The women wear 

 a cloth bodice, with a large flat stiif stomacher ; a short-sleeved chemise, 

 fastened at the throat with a pin ; around the neck and bosom a hand- 

 kerchief of printed linen ; a grey or gay colored woollen petticoat which 

 reaches to the heels ; and an under-jacket mostly of black stuff, woollen 

 stockings, and shoes. Unmarried women wear the head bare, and the hair 

 twisted in braids, which are wound into a nest around the crown of the 

 head ; married women wear caps of white or figured linen, and both classes 

 when at work tie a handkerchief around the head. The mountaineer 

 builds his house, very judiciously, upon the grassy declivity of the mountain. 

 The architecture and size of the house are very much the same throughout 

 the Riesengebirge, and " baude" (booth) is the universal name of these 

 houses. Except a stone-walled terrace which forms the foundation, all 

 the rest, for the sake of greater warmth, is built of wood. Boards 

 closely joined together form the walls, the seams of which are stuffed 

 with moss, and sometimes plastered over with loam. In- doors the walls 

 are lined with boards, partly for the sake of greater cleanliness, 

 but more for warmth, and the floor is planked ; the outside, on the west 

 and north sides of the house, is covered with shingles. The sitting- 

 room occupies the smaller half of the house, and in it, even in summer, the 

 fire is kept burning in the large brick stove. Before it are the entrance hall 

 and kitchen, with the dairy adjoining. From the hall there is an entrance 

 into the stable, which, however, has another entrance at the front of the house, 

 through Avhich the cattle are driven in and out. The inhabitants of Upper 

 Silesia are also a vigorous race of men, PI. 3, Jigs. 9 and 10, represent 

 male and female peasants from the neighborhood of Krappitz. The man 

 wears a fur cap ; a short coat with large flaps, and one row of buttons ; a 

 white shirt with a turnover collar ; a fancy colored handkerchief tied around 

 the neck ; short breeches and long boots : and a long coat over the whole 

 dress. The woman wears a cap with a fur border ; a jacket with a 

 large collar and long skirt ; a tolerably long petticoat bordered with riband ; 

 a broad gathered apron ; a red handkerchief ; and around the neck a scolloped 

 collar. The stockings are scarlet colored, and the shoes have bows of bright 

 colored riband. 



The Bohemians belong to two different stocks, the Slavonic and the 

 German. The Bohemian Slavonians, who constitute the fourth part of 

 the entire population, calling themselves Czeches (Tchekes), belong to 

 the north-western (Lechish) stock of the Slavonians, and their language, 

 of all dialects, first became cultivated. The German Bohemians inhabit 

 mostly the country bordering on Bavaria, Saxony, and Prussia, and their 

 language is now that of the educated people of the country. The Czeches 

 inhabiting Bohemia are not everywhere alike. In the north-east we find a 

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