160 HISTORY AND ETHNOLOGY. 



these animals. The Lapps employ their time in winter in making their 

 clothes, and in manufiicturing wooden-ware for sale, which they bring to 

 market and purchase other articles with the proceeds. The sleighs of the 

 Laplanders are very narrow, only one foot high, pointed in front, and are 

 furnished Avitli an upright board behind, against which the driver leans. 

 When travelling on foot, large snow shoes are worn. These are boards 

 cut out in the shape of a boat over four feet in length, fastened to the feet, 

 and on which they glide swiftly along over the snow with great dexterity. 

 Very recently, a great number of families have at length begun to con- 

 struct fixed habitations for themselves, and to pursue husbandry and cattle 

 breeding. 



The Danes no longer resemble their forefathers. They have small, com- 

 pact bodies, a mild disposition, are thoughtful, industrious, frugal, just, and 

 fond of peace, not adventurous and warlike like their ancestors, and very 

 hospitable, though cautious towards strangers. As respects dress they differ 

 but little from the inhabitants of North Germany. The population of the 

 towns and cities, especially on the islands, are generally thoroughly educated 

 and devoted to the sciences and the fine arts. Society is very refined. They 

 are less musical than the Swedes. The country people of Jutland and Fries- 

 land, as well as the peasantry of the islands, are more vigorously formed and 

 have ruder manners. 



The English People. 



This people inhabit Great Britain and the adjacent islands. They 

 are descended from a mixture of Celts, Gauls, Scandinavians, Saxons, 

 Normxans, and probably other tribes, who came over from the continent at 

 diff'erent times ; and each, in its turn, yielding more or less to the invader, 

 withdrew^ to remote districts of the country, where they remained com- 

 paratively unmolested. Hence have arisen those sectional peculiarities, 

 which so strongly characterize various portions of the British Islands ; 

 hence those diff"erences of physiognomy, so w^ell defined even at the present 

 day : hence those varieties of habits and dispositions, which centuries have 

 failed to eff'ace. 



The ancient Celtic or Gaelic language is still spoken more or less in 

 Wales, in the Islands and Highlands of Scotland, in Ireland, and, till very 

 lately, in the county of Cornwall ; and remains of the Danish dialect may be 

 found in the county of Northumberland, Avhere the Danes were most thickly 

 settled. But the English language is now spoken by all wdio have received 

 the rudiments of education ; like the people, it exhibits unmistakable traces of 

 its miscellaneous origin, and the Saxon, Danish, Celtic, Norman, Latin, French, 

 and Greek, with some others, contribute largely to its copiousness and 

 significance. 



Though the sectional distinctions of language are gradually becoming 

 less conspicuous, the form and features of the several races still off'er such 

 marked distinctions as to merit particular notice. Among the English, 

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