ETHNOLOGY OF THE PRESENT DAY. 255 



life have simple, easily arranged huts or tents. Sometimes the Indians 

 have also large houses designed for public councils or meetings of the 

 people. One of this sort, for example, is possessed by the inhabitants of 

 Drummond's Island in Lake Huron. PL 42, jig. 3, represents its interior, 

 and a meeting of the people held under a mariapa. The Indians have few 

 and very simple household utensils, made mostly by themselves, and with 

 tools of an inferior kind. Almost all the tribes have obtained iron kettles for 

 cooking and knives, by traffic. The women, among some tribes, make their 

 mugs and other vessels of red clay. The weapons of the Indians consist 

 of bows and arrows, a battle-axe, called by them tomahawk, a lance, a 

 spear, a club, and a scalping-knife. Many carry also shields made of 

 buff'alo hide. Firearms have of late become very common amongst the 

 tribes of North America, the different fur companies being in the habit of 

 exchanging guns of an inferior character for peltry, &c. 



The clothing of the inhabitants of the northern portion of the country 

 formerly consisted of skins of animals and feather dresses ; while those 

 living in warmer latitudes covered themselves with cotton stuffs or feathers. 

 Striking colors were their favorites even at that time. At present, skin 

 dresses are found only in the extreme northwestern and northeastern parts. 

 Woollen blankets and shirts are now in use. Men wear leggings, women 

 short petticoats of blue or black broadcloth. The more wealthy take pride 

 in adorning themselves with bright-colored ribands, girdles, silver clasps, 

 &c. Upon the painting of the face, breast, and limbs, much time is spent, 

 particularly when they are preparing for a dance. Indians allow their hair 

 to grow long and twist it in plaits, or fasten it together with ribands, &c. 



According to the analogy of language the Indians of North America 

 may be divided in the following manner : 



A. The Koloshes. In this stock may be classed all the Indian tribes 

 that inhabit the northwest coast of America, and that portion of the interior 

 contiguous to it, between 50° and 65° north latitude. They comprise, 

 according to the statement of the Russian Admiral Wrangel : 



1. The true Koloshes or Koliushes, having their dwelling-place, according 

 to Wenjaminow, from Mount St. Elias to the Columbia River (including 

 the Prince of Wales, and George III. Archipelagoes), but extending pro- 

 bably towards the south only as far as the Strait of Fuca. 



2. The Ougalenzes (Ugaljachmutzi), west of Mount St. Elias; in winter, 

 on a small bay east of the island of Kadiak ; in summer, on Copper River 

 for fishing purposes. 



3. The Atnas [Atnachts, in Russian, Mjednowzi), on the Copper River 

 or Atna. 



4. The Koltshans (Galzans) on the shores of the northern and eastern 

 waters emptying into Copper River. 



5. The Kenais (Kenaiut), on the coast and in the country surrounding 

 Cook's Inlet, or on the Kenai Sound and around Lakes Illiamma and Knisshik. 



6. The Inkilichliats, on the River Choulitra and the upper tributaries of 

 the rivers Kuskoquim and Quickpack. 



According to North American researches the Indians of the Northwest 



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