ETHNOLOGY OF THE PRESENT DAY. 257 



2. The Carriers {Tacullies, on the west side of the Rocky Mountains), 

 300 miles from east to west, between 51° and 58° north latitude. Dialects 

 of their language are spoken by the Sicaunies and Nateotetains. 



The Athapascas, and in particular the Chippeways, who are best known, 

 are of medium stature, have good teeth and fine eyes, but a broad face, 

 with prominent cheekbones and wide nostrils. They tattoo themselves, 

 and some wear the hair long, others cut it off. They are grave, reserved, 

 just towards each other, but deceitful and knavish towards strangers. 

 Their dress generally consists of reindeer and other skins. 



C. The Algonkins, or Lenapes, at the time of the first settlements of the 

 Europeans in North America, dwelt in the territory north of the Missinipi 

 River from its source to the mouth in Hudson's Bay, along the south and 

 east coasts of that bay, east as far as to the boundary line of the territory 

 of the Labrador Esquimaux, and south down to Cape Hatteras. The 

 western boundary was the Mississippi up to its source, and the Red River 

 to Lake Winnebago. The southern boundary ran from Cape Hatteras 

 west to near the mouth of the Ohio. The numerous nations and tribes into 

 which the famil}^ of Algonkins was divided, may be brought in the following 

 manner into four divisions : 



1. Northern Algonkins. The Knistenaux, Algonkins proper, Chip- 

 peways or Ojibivays, the Ottawas and Potowotomies, and the Alississagues. 



2. Northeastern Algonkins. The Skoffies and Sheshatapoosh or 

 Mountaineers, the Alicmacs, the Etchemins, and the Ahenakis. 



3. Eastern or Atlantic Algonkins. The New England Indians, 

 embracing the Pequods or Piquods, Naticks, Narragansets, Mohicans 

 (Mohegans), Pokanokets, Pawtuckets, and Nipmucks ; the Indians upon 

 Long Island, Montauks, Unchagogs, and Shinicooks ; the Delawares 

 (Lenno-Lenape), the Nanticokes, Susquehannocks, Powhatans, and Pamp- 

 ticoes. 



4. Western Algonkins. The Menomonies, Miamies, and Illinois ; the 

 Sacs, who, having relinquished their district lying east of the Mississippi to 

 the L'nited States, have lived since that time upon the west side of the 

 river in the State of Missouri, partially however still in Illinois, and pursue 

 a system of agriculture {pi. 29, Jig. 6, Sac Indians) ; the Foxes, Kickapoos, 

 and S haw nee s. 



Many of these tribes are entirely extinct, others have been divided 

 amongst tribes that survived, but few number many individuals. 



With respect to their manners our introductory statement concerning 

 the Indians in general will hold good. 



D. The iRoauois, who became notorious in the history of European 

 settlements on account of their desire for conquest and destruction, as well 

 as for their thirst for blood, formed a northern and southern division. The 

 northern portion were surrounded by the Lenapes. The southern division 

 extended in the States of Virginia and North Carolina of the present day, 

 from above the falls of the large streams, as far as James River, and south 

 at least to the River Neuse. On the east they had for neighbors the 

 Lenape tribes dwelling on the Chesapeake and the Ocean, on the south side 



429 



