258 HISTORY AND ETHNOLOGY. 



the Cherokees and Catawbas, and upon the north and west sides Lenape 

 and other tribes now extinct. 



1 . The Northern Iroquois consisted of the Wyandots, the Attiouandarons, 

 the Erigas, and the Andastes, the confederacy of the Five Iroquois Nations 

 (Maquas, Mingoes), composed of the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, 

 Cayugas, and Senecas. This confederacy soon obtained an ascendency 

 over the others, for which they were indebted to their fortunate geogra- 

 phical position, especially, however, to their wise policy, by virtue of which 

 they confined themselves even at the times of their greatest consequence to 

 their original dwelling-place. Against every imminent or sudden attack 

 they were completely fortified, in the south by the broad mountain chain 

 of the Alleghanies, in the north by Lake Ontario. Of still greater import- 

 ance, however, especially in a war of savages, was their bravery, combined, 

 however, with cruelty, in which they surpassed all other nations. In agri- 

 culture, the manufacture of their weapons, and the few arts of Indians, they 

 were further advanced than the tribes of the Algonkin or Lenape family. 

 Upon all occasions they displayed a high degree of intelligence, and in 

 nothing perhaps more than in the establishment and maintenance of their 

 league, and the attacks which by degrees they directed against the small 

 tribes surrounding them, and who formed no confederacy. 



2. The Southern Iroquois appear to have been known at first under the 

 collective name of Monacans. Amongst them the most powerful nation 

 were the Tuscaroras, dwelling in the commencement of the eighteenth 

 century in fifteen towns on the rivers Neuse and Taw or Tar, in what is 

 now the State of North Carolina. The remnant of the Tuscaroras were 

 received, however, into the confederacy of the Five Nations some time 

 after the settlement of Europeans in America. The Chowans, Tuteloes, 

 and Nottoways, were known as particular tribes. 



H. The Florida Nations were spread to the south of the Algonkins and 

 Iroquois, and to the east of the Lower Mississippi ; and at the present time 

 are met with in considerable numbers. They are divided into the six fol- 

 lowing nations : the Catawbas, Cherokees {Tsalakees, who have become a 

 Christian civilized people), the Muskhogees, inhabiting the entire southern 

 section of the United States as far as the extremity of the peninsula of 

 Florida, consisting of the tribes of the Muskhogees proper, .the Hitchittees, 

 Seminoles, the Alahamas, Chickasaws, and Tuskigies ; the Choctaws, Vchees, 

 and the Notches, form the Creek confederacy, and hence are called Creek 

 Indians. 



Like the Cherokees, the nations of the Creek alliance and the Choctaws 

 are now engaged in the pursuit of agriculture ; and it appears that their 

 laws, courts, juries, schools, and even politics, are gradually becoming 

 formed after American models. The Cherokees, as well as all the other 

 Florida nations, with the exception of the Catawbas, have been removed 

 by the government of the United States to the west side of the Mississippi, 

 or at least this change of settlement has been commenced. Government 

 bears the expense of the removal, and allows the Indians a handsome 

 annuity. 

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