268 HISTORY AND ETHNOLOGY. 



rude Fantshes, a nation surrounding the country inhabited by the tribe last 

 named. In the coast country of the Caribbean Sea, between Rio Hacha 

 and the Gulf of Maracaibo, the Goahiros (Guagiros, Guajires) and the 

 Cocinas. The Muisca tongue is almost entirely extinct, and still fewer 

 traces are found of the languages which were in use in the western districts 

 of New Grenada, in Popayan, and as far as Darien ; a region in which 52 

 different nations were formerly known, of which the southern and some of 

 the eastern and northern were subdued by the sword, the remainder by 

 missionaries. The missions known to us were among : 3. the Andakies ; 

 4. the Citaras ; 5. the Chocos, in the Province of Choco ; 6. the Gua- 

 nacas ; 7. the Neyvas ; 8. the Cacanucas ; 9. the Quaquas ; 10. the 

 Paes ; and 11. the Timanaes. The three last probably belong to the 

 great nation of the Guarani-Caribs, as their names resemble those of 

 tribes belonging to the Caribs living on the Orinoco. With still greater 

 certainty may this be supposed of: 12. the Urabas or Idib as, the inhabit- 

 ants of Darien ; and 13. of the Huaimies or Guaimies, who inhabit the 

 Province of Veragua of the Department Istmo. 



The Peruvian branch, or the Ando-Peruvian nations, inhabit the greatest 

 part of the old territory of the Incas before the Spanish conquest, that is to 

 say, the Andes and their declivities, from the equator to Santiago del 

 Estero in latitude 28° south. This territory embraces upon the mountains 

 a part only of the Republic of Ecuador, the entire Republics of Peru and 

 Bolivia, as well as a portion of the La Plata States. We may divide them 

 into four nations : 



1. The Quichua, or Inca nation, who at the time of the Spanish con- 

 quest were the rulers. The name Quichua appears to have formerly 

 denoted a tribe merely, and Inca was applied to the royal family alone, and 

 signified properly king or chief. Their princes were called Capalla Inga, 

 that is to say, sole ruler. The complexion of the Quichuas is olive-brown. 

 They are not large, have broad shoulders, very high and long chests, tole- 

 rably large heads, and small hands and feet ; foreheads slightly arched, 

 faces broad, more round than oval ; noses prominent, aquiline ; mouths 

 rather large, projecting, without the lips being thick ; teeth fine ; eyes small 

 or medium sized, never contracted at the outer corner. Eyebrows narrow 

 and much arched, hair of a handsome black color, coarse, thick, and long. 

 The expression of the countenance indicates equanimity, seriousness, and 

 reflection. They are mild, sociable, peaceable, obedient to servility, firm 

 and consistent, hospitable, but even at festivals taciturn and cold. Although 

 they seldom forget injuries, revenge is but rarely taken, and homicide is 

 hardly ever heard of Under the old priestly reign of the Incas no trifling 

 degree of civilization existed, to which numberless monuments, highroads, 

 tombs, temples, and mines, testified, when Pizarro in 1525 penetrated into 

 Peru. In the villages of the Peruvians of the present day most of the 

 houses are round and composed entirely of stones more or less hewn, the 

 seams of which are filled with earth and sods. The round pointed roofs 

 are plaited of hay. The whole building consists of a single apartment, 

 which, at the same time, is the kitchen and provision room. A hole two 

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