270 HISTORY AND ETHNOLOGY. 



nally, however, they do not differ from the Quichuas, and in their disposi- 

 tion and customs also resemble the latter. 



3. The Atacama nation {Olipes, Llipi) inhabit the whole western decli- 

 vity of the Andes, between 19° and 22° south latitude (the entire. provinces 

 of Tarapaca and Atacama), and are likewise distinguished by their lan- 

 guage. 



4. In the region of the Pacific Ocean, between 22° and 24° south latitude, 

 principally in the environs of the port of Cobija in Bolivia, live the Chango 

 nation. They are somewhat darker, and have more of a blackish brown 

 color than the Quichuas, and noses almost never aquiline. In disposition, 

 they are mild, gentle, courteous, yielding, hospitable, and submissive to the 

 laws of the land. They are engaged in fishing. 



The Pouquina and Yunka-Mochica tongues belonged likewise to the 

 general languages of the Empire of the Incas. Yunka signifies hot plain, 

 and by it is denoted the seat of this nation, who were settled more especially 

 in the valley of Chincha, where their language is said to be still spoken. 

 The Pouquina language was certainly in use in a few villages upon the 

 small islands of Lake Chuquito or Titicaca, in the diocese of La Paz, and 

 in some parts of the diocese of Lima. 



The Antisans have extended their place of residence over the hot and 

 damp regions of the eastern slope of the Bolivian and Peruvian Andes, from 

 the projections of the latter at Santa Cruz de la Sierra, in 17° south latitude, 

 in a northerly direction up to the equator. Their complexion varies, pass- 

 ing from olive brown to a very light color. Their forehead does not recede ; 

 the face is oval ; the nose shaped in a variety of ways ; the mouth medium 

 size ; the eyes do not stand obliquely. Their physiognomy expresses liveli- 

 ness and gentleness, but has in it something weak. Of the different nations 

 of this stock, the Yuraccars, Mocetenes, Tacanas, Maropas, and ApolistaSy 

 are known. 



The Araucanians are brownish olive-colored, not very dark, robust ; 

 have a low forehead, round face, short, flat nose, eyes that are not oblique, 

 medium sized mouth, thin lips, serious, cold physiognomy, and effeminate 

 features. They dwell upon the western declivity of the Andes, from 30° 

 south latitude to the extremity of Terra del Fuego, and from the upper 

 valleys and plains east of the Cordilleras, between 33° and 42° south lati- 

 tude, upon the mountains and their slopes. They continue in the condition 

 of barbarism. We divide them into two groups. 



1. The Araucanians or Aucas. To them belong the Araucanians in a 

 still narrower sense, who dwell upon the west side of the Andes and in the 

 mountains themselves. They lead a settled life, and may be divided into 

 the Chanos (south of Valdivia), Araucanians proper (in the province of 

 Arauco), and Pehuenches. Besides these are the Aucas ; that is, all the 

 tribes that wander about the pampas. They are divided into the Ronqueles, 

 dwelling in the pampas, and the Chilenos, who have their roving place 

 around the sources of the Rio Negro. In their disposition, the Araucanians 

 are proud, courageous, fickle, sly, resentful, not very cheerful, frequently 

 taciturn. Indomitable warriors, indefatigable travellers, the Aucas, like the 

 442 



