ETHNOLOGY OF THE PRESENT DAY. 275 



The Guaranis are good natured, gentle, frank, hospitable, easily persuaded, 

 and blindly follow a principle once embraced. Theft and adultery are so 

 greatly detested as to be punished with death. They are as good fathers as 

 they are husbands, and unacquainted with envy and malevolence. But it 

 cannot be denied that they are cruel and bloodthirsty towards their enemies, 

 and even kill and eat their prisoners of war. It is said, however, that 

 cannibalism is not practised by all the tribes, and that it ceased with the 

 conquest. The Guaranis are serious, but fond of games and festivals. 

 Divided into small tribes and families, they always settle down on the shores 

 of a brook, a lake, on the border of a wood ; sometimes upon plains, at 

 others in the thick of the forest. Usually they have fixed abodes, being 

 at the same time farmers, hunters, fishermen, and sailors. The Guaranis 

 take a second wife when the first grows old, but keep the latter in their house, 

 and honor her as the most worthy. The weapons of the Guaranis consisted 

 formerly of bow and arrows and a club ; the latter in some cases round, and 

 in others having cutting edges. Besides the manufacture of these articles, 

 their industrial arts were confined to the building of huts and pirogues, as 

 well as the weaving of their mats and parts of female dress. Much attention 

 was paid to the fabrication of feather decorations, armlets, and leg-bands of 

 different forms. The women made vessels for keeping drinks, and coffins 

 for the dead, of clay. The same industrial arts, and the same usages, exist 

 now also among the uncivilized Guaranis. At the present day (as they did 

 formerly) the Guaranis go naked ; or, when travelling, make use of a very 

 scanty covering. Women sometimes WTap a piece of stuff around the hips. 

 At the same time the Guaranis cover the body with black, red, and yellow 

 daubings of paint, in such a manner that the half of the person is uniform 

 in color. Only those who have become civilized are accustomed to dress 

 themselves in light, loose garments. The chiefs of the numerous small 

 tribes often obtain their rank by inheritance, but have no other rights than 

 those of giving advice in peace, and heading the attack in time of war. 

 Religion among the uncivilized Guaranis, like their manners, was and is 

 simple, and quite as mild in its character as the disposition of some of the 

 tribes. {PI. 37, fig. 2, Guaranis in the forests of Paraguay as cannibals ; 

 fig. 3, the preparation of the cacuin drink among the same ; fig. 4, war 

 dance of the eastern Guaranis {Tupinambas) ; fig. 5, captives of the same, 

 led to death ; and^^. 6, funeral among the same; pi. 32, figs. 6, 8, civilized 

 Guaranis of Paraguay and the province of Rio Grande.) The tribe of 

 eastern Guaranis, Tupinambas, dwell principally along the sea-coast of St. 

 Catharine's Island, to the mouth of the river Amazon. 



Other nations of Brazil and Guiana, not belonging to the Guaranis, are : 

 The Puris, who formerly constituted one nation with the Coroados, but 

 afterwards separated from them ; hence, their customs are very similar to 

 those of the latter. The Coropos and Macuanis belong to them also. The 

 greatest part of the Puris have not been subjugated by the European 

 settlers, but are at peace with them. They dwell on the upper course of 

 the Paraiba, and in the interior of the province of Espirito Santo, between 

 the river of the same name and the Paraiba, and with the Guianas on Rio 



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