278 HISTORY AND ETHNOLOGY. 



savage, rapacious attacks, they are dangerous to the settlers. They are 

 divided into Norogua-, Apina^, Canacata-, Manacoh-, Poncata-, Paicab-, 

 Ao-, Cran-y and Cricata-Gez ; the last called also Falcon Indians. The 

 Crans {Tumbias, Imhiras) are unquestionably a branch of the Gez, and 

 divided into ten tribes, whose hostile inroads are extended far into the pro- 

 vinces of Para and Maranhao. 



In the provinces of Piahu and Maranhao, and in the interior of Bahia, 

 dwell the Acroas, the Masacaras, Jaicos, Pimenteiras, Chocos or Chucu- 

 rus, &c. 



In Para, along the Rio dos Amazonas (Amazon river), live, upon the 

 south side of the stream, the Coyacas^ Ammarious, Tacuhunos, Jacundas^ 

 Pirikitas, Muras, and others ; upon the north side, the Amicuanos, Arma- 

 butos, Tucujus, Wayapis, Aracujus, &c. 



In the province of Rio Negro we find the Puru-Purus, Wamanis, Mara- 

 was, Catawijis, Catukinas, Canamering, and others, who live on the 

 Solimoes and its southern tributaries ; between the Solimoes and the Rio 

 Negro, the Oawijanas, Pavianas, Caca-Tapwujas, &c. ; further, the Juma- 

 nas (Xumanas), on the I^a, between this stream and the Joami and Pureos, 

 whose hordes are the Carwana [Charruas, pi. 36, fig. 4), the Warawama, 

 and others. Allied to them are the Mariaranas, between the lower Yupura 

 and the Rio Negro, and the Wainumas between the Upi, a tributary of the 

 19a, and the Courinari, which falls into the Yupura. The Yuris, between 

 the Yuri and I^a, probably belong here also. Other nations of this district 

 are the Ooretus, Airinys, Yucunas, Miranyas, Umawas, (fee. Northwardly 

 and northeastwardly of the Rio Negro dwell the Turamas, Manoas, Bares, 

 Yabaynas, Ouranoas, Oarajas, SfC. 



The tribes of the Orinoco, its branches and tributaries, are likewise 

 numerous. A. von Humboldt, in the account of his travels, has noticed 

 120 tribes in alphabetical order ; and in addition, twenty-six of British, 

 Dutch, and French Guiana. But as all these tribes do not differ essentially 

 in their modes of life, our limited space will not permit a full enumeration 

 of them. We will now close, therefore, the consideration of the Indians, 

 and add a few remarks in reference to the remaining inhabitants of South 

 America. 



The occupations of the Europeans in Guiana consist chiefly of the 

 cultivation of plantations, and of commerce. To be a merchant, owner of 

 a plantation, director, and administrator, is here considered the height of 

 man's ambition, and every white is animated by a mere commercial spirit. 

 Sciences and arts are little cultivated, and instruction therein is esteemed 

 only a secondary matter in the education of youth. The French are the 

 worst of colonists ; for which reason, also, their colony, founded in 1626 by ' 

 merchants of Rouen, has never flourished, although possessing the same 

 natural advantages with the rest of Guiana. The colonies of British 

 Guiana, Essequebo, Demerara, and Berbice, were founded by the Dutch, and 

 conquered by the English. Demerara, inhabited mostly by Dutch, is the 

 principal and most flourishing amongst them. Here, as in all colonies, the 

 English live in grand style; rise at six o'clock, drink coffee or chocolate; 

 450 



