^'SO HISTORY AND ETHNOLOGY. 



female servants, who live with them upon the most confidential terms, but 

 are frequently obliged to endure the harshest treatment. Among the 

 whites of Brazil, the inhabitants of the province of San Paulo are chiefly 

 distinguished as an entirely singular, vigorous race. We find these people, 

 who first unveiled the riches of the country and discovered the gold mines 

 and diamonds of Brazil, scattered throughout the entire kingdom, and 

 recognise them in their enthusiasm for great things, in their inclination for 

 adventure, and in their rather rough but strong voice. The PauHstas are 

 celebrated as well for their beauty, as on account of their good nature and 

 fidelity. In disposition the BraziHan is more lively and fonder of pleasure. 

 In the evening the notes of the guitar are heard almost everywhere, to 

 which instrument the people sing and dance. Their national dance is 

 called haducca, and performed by but one man and one woman, who, 

 snapping their fingers, trip with unrestrained movements, at one time 

 towards, at another from each other. This amusement is frequently kept 

 up for a long time to the monotonous sounds of the instrument mentioned 

 above, alternated with impromptu singing or national songs. Landed 

 estates, with their farm-houses and plantations, are denominated /azew^as, 

 and the proprietors or planters themselves are called fazendeiros. Every 

 fazendeiro possesses several hundred and even several thousand head of 

 cattle, all roving freely over the pasturage. To every cattle fazenda 

 belongs a sufficient number of vaqueiros, who take care that the animals of 

 the herd are not dispersed out of the district. The vaqueiros are clothed 

 entirely in rough skins, ride good horses, and are furnished with a long pole 

 with a blunt iron head, to keep the oxen from pressing too closely upon them ; 

 they generally carry also a noose with which to catch the animals. They 

 are good riders and horsebreakers withal. {PL SI, Jig. 1, Brazilian country 

 people of Rio Grande upon a journey ; fig. 2, inhabitant of the Province of 

 Minas travelling ; fig. 3, planter's family of Brazil driving to mass ; fig. 4, 

 townspeople of Rio Grande journeying ; fig. 5, caravan of travelling Bra- 

 zilian merchants ; fig. 6, transportation of diamonds with the escort. PL 

 S5,fig. 4, cattle-hunting in the Brazilian pampas. PL 33, fig. 1, Brazilian 

 planter's dwelling ; fig. 4, game of Loss-Porodos of Brazilians ; fig. 5, 

 haducca, national dance of the Brazilians ; fig. 6, planter's family walking 

 to mass. PL S2,fig. 5, inhabitant of the Brazilian Province San Paulo.) 



In Peru also, the Creoles are lively, agile, and kindly disposed. Conjugal 

 and parental fondness, filial love, charity, generosity, and hospitality, are 

 found as a general rule in the households of the Creoles. Their pride is 

 skilfully concealed under the appearance of affability, and their main fault 

 is an inordinate longing after enjoyments, especially an unbounded love for 

 the pleasures of the table. The dress, particularly in Lima, the Paris of 

 South America, is handsome and picturesque. Men wear the Spanish 

 cloak; women of all classes, under the cloak, the say a, a garment of velvet, 

 satin, or stuflf, mostly black and cinnamon-brown, but with ladies of higher 

 standing red and light blue, gathered in very small plaits and fitting tight 

 around the body, very narrow below and trimmed with fringe, pearls, and 

 embroidery. Silk stockings and satin shoes, a handsome shawl, and a light 

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