286 HISTORY AND ETHNOLOGY. 



clearer ; in Ternati, it is deep blackish brown, and inclining to sooty. The 

 Javanese and Balians are in all probability mongrels of Borneese and 

 Hindoos ; the former being of a yellow tinge, the latter whiter and better 

 formed ; both inferior to the Malays. The ughest race is found in Linging, 

 the handsomest in Mindanao; the bravest Malays are those ofPalembang. 

 The women are tolerably pretty, delicate, and agile; in Manilla and 

 Formosa they are almost white. Their facial angle is of 80° to 85°; their 

 nose is short, thick, and sometimes flat ; the mouth, even of females, very 

 wide. Chinese have settled upon almost all the Malayan islands, and inter- 

 married with women of the country ; and to this intermixture of races may 

 be attributed the fact that many Malays have deep set and oblique eyes, 

 like the people of China. Nowhere, excepting upon Wayoo, was the effort 

 to spread the Chinese tongue successful, so greatly is it disliked by these 

 natives, whose language is soft like the Italian and Portuguese. Their food 

 consists of sago, rice, and fish. Some chew a mixture of betel, pepper, quick 

 lime, areca nuts, and tobacco, called in Java siri ; others use gambir or 

 kino, a very astringent substance, made of the Nauclea gambir, a large 

 creeping plant. The latter gives a black color to the teeth, tongue, and 

 roof of the mouth, without affecting the gums. Betel chewing is customary 

 also in the East Indies and many other regions. Upon the islands of Ling- 

 ing, Lingan, Bingtang, Singhapura, Pinang, Sumatra, Java, &c., the people 

 never go naked, but throw a sarong (a kind of tunic) around the body, and 

 wear an undergarment, and a cap or cloth wrapped about the head. In 

 Java the Orang Kaya, or nobleman, adds a cloak, and sometimes a cap 

 called kuluk. The priests alone are clothed in white, and have a kind of 

 turban. Many of the Malays are Mussulmans, but do not shave the head 

 entirely. They are fond of a life at sea, and among other things follow 

 piracy ; are industrious artisans and skilful merchants. Proud and jealous, 

 licentious and faithless, but brave and independent, they go constantly 

 armed with the kris (javelin), except in the towns; and this weapon is 

 frequently poisoned with the fearful Upas. 



The second stock are the Polynesians and Dyaks, De Rienzi thinks 

 that he discovered in the race of the Dyaks and other people of Borneo, 

 the origin of the Malayan, Melanesian, and Polynesian nations. The light 

 yellow, more or less embrowned, complexion of their face ; their facial 

 angle, which resembles that of Europeans ; the tall stature, regular physiog- 

 nomy, high nose and forehead, and long black hair ; the beauty, sweetness, 

 and the insinuating and voluptuous manners of the women, especially of the 

 dancers ; the traceable similarity of their language ; the habits of agricul- 

 ture, hunting, and fishing; the skill in manufacturing their pirogues and 

 utensils ; their huge huts; their religious conceptions; the human sacrifices ; 

 their usages, and the peculiar kind of consecration or taboo — all these 

 things, says Domeny de Rienzi, show a very great affinity between the 

 Dyaks and the Polynesians. Still more complete was the agreement 

 between the latter and the Touradashas and the Boughuis of Celebes, who, 

 if they did not actually belong to the stock of the Dyaks, at least like them 

 respected the property of the great and priests as sacred and inviolable. 

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