ETHNOLOGY OF THE PRESENT DAY. 287 



The Balians, the natives of the islands of Nias, Nassau or Poggee, the 

 Ternaties, the Guilolies, and the inhabitants of a part of the Moluccas, the 

 Holo Archipelago, the Philippines and Palaos islands, appear to belong to 

 the Dyak race. According to the assurance of credible travellers, the 

 resemblance of the Tahitians, the New Zealanders, and the Battas to the 

 Dyaks is surprising. Their language is, as it were, the connecting link 

 between the Malay and the Polynesian ; and the Malays and the Javanese 

 on the coasts of Borneo acknowledge them as the aborigines, the Orang- 

 Benoa of the country. All Polynesians are unacquainted with the use of 

 the bow as a weapon of war ; all partake of the intoxicating drink kava ; 

 among some civilization has made considerable advances, especially among 

 the inhabitants of Hawai, Tahiti, and Tonga. 



The third division are the Alfuras ; a name which, in the language of 

 the Dyaks, signifies a savage race, and which the Malays do not apply to 

 nations of one color, or pure black alone, but to various tribes living in 

 a state of nature. The Alfuras of Booru are copper colored ; the Battas, or 

 Alfuras of Sumatra, dark yellow ; and the Touradshas, or Alfuras of 

 Celebes, resemble the latter ; whilst the Alfuras of Mindanao, Mindora, 

 &LQ., are of a dusky black, and those of Lu^on and of Buglas, who are 

 mongrels of the Endamenians and Papuans, present two black shadings. In 

 all probability the blacks formed the original population of Oceania. It may 

 be that the Alfuras belong to an Endamenian stock, who, after having been 

 expelled from Borneo, spread over the greatest portion of this Archipelago. 

 Borneo, however, contained a tribe of Papuans also, who in the begianing 

 lived upon this island alone, vanquished the Endamenians, almost extirpat- 

 ing them, and subsequently invaded the coasts of the neighboring islands, 

 driving back the remainder of the Endamenian population into the interior 

 of the countries, until they themselves succumbed to the Malay tribes. In 

 the interior of the country both stocks are frequently seen intermingled. 



The Igolotes (Papuans) are of yellowish black color, and predominate in 

 a great portion of Melanesia. On the island of Borneo, whence they spring, 

 and where they still exist, they are also called Dyaks. Mixed or distinct, 

 but at all events inhabitants of the same soil, the Papuans and Endamenians 

 are still masters of a part of Lucjon, Mindora, Buglas, Mindanao, Timor, 

 Sumatra, Celebes, and Java, some districts of Madagascar, and the interior 

 of Formosa, &c. ; and are known in the different places by the different 

 names of Aetas, Nequitos, Negrillos, Zamhales, Finguianes, Italones, 

 Kallngos, Igorrotes, Orang-Karhec (in Sumatra), and Binzimbas (in 

 Madagascar). The Papuans are blacker than the Endamenians and the 

 Shangallas of Abyssinia, to whom they are very similar, except with regard 

 to the hair, having the same rounded form and agreeable physiognomy. 

 The pirogues of the Papuans of New Guinea and all the islands of Melanesia 

 are formed in the same manner, a fact indicatino: a common oriorin of the 

 inhabitants. By stature they are rather tall ; their skin is black and shining, 

 passing into yellow ; their facial angle has 63° to 69° ; their hair is black, 

 neither smooth nor frizzled, but woolly, tolerably fine, and much curled in 

 front, which gives the head a monstrous appearance. They are seldom 



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