ETHNOLOGY OF THE PRESENT DAY. 291 



when Cook discovered the islands, Terneoboo or Teriopu ruled over Hawai. 

 After his death, which soon followed, Tamehameha, his nephew, succeeded 

 to the government, who conquered the neighboring islands, obtained an 

 European ship from the English, accepted the protection of the King of 

 Great Britain, persuaded many Europeans to settle upon the island, and 

 endeavored to extend European civilization as much as possible. Chris- 

 tianity, nevertheless, was not yet embraced by him, probably because he 

 feared to lose by this step something of the absoluteness of his power ; for 

 the practice especially of offering human sacrifice, by means of which he 

 could easily rid himself of troublesome individuals, combined with terror 

 and superstition, enabled him to govern without any restraint. His son 

 and successor, Rio Rio, was the first to order the destruction of all the 

 Morals, and to proclaim the doctrine of the foreigners, at that time not 

 exactly understood by him, as the religion of the state; and in 1820 the 

 principal inhabitants of the Sandwich Islands were converted to Christianity 

 by North American missionaries. Kotzebue, in the account of his last 

 travels, gives, to be sure, a mournful picture of the Christian religion in 

 these islands. He pronounces it, like that found upon the Society Islands, 

 to be mere fanaticism and hypocrisy, forced upon the people by the king 

 and missionaries, and combined with superstitions and everything but pure 

 conceptions of Christianity ; and compares these pitiful results with the 

 horrors of the cruel war carried on with the view of introducing Chris- 

 tianity. According to later accounts, however, the state of the Christian 

 religion among the aborigines is said to be much improved. Commerce 

 flourishes in a high degree in this part of the world. 



The funeral of a deceased chieftain used to be attended by many cere- 

 monies {pi. SS, figs. 1 and 2). The corpse, after having been exposed for 

 some time on a scaffold amidst lamentations and ceremonies, was deposited 

 in a cave, where it remained until the flesh had rotted, when the bones 

 were cleaned, some being preserved in sacred places, others distributed as 

 relics amongst the relatives. 



The New Zealanders. 



The New Zealanders belong to two stocks, a dusky and a light-colored ; 

 but have gradually become so intermixed, that many transitions from the 

 one to the other occur. The darker race are probably the descendants 

 of the aborigines ; the lighter, on the contrary, the offspring of former 

 conquerors. The first named are shorter, stouter, and broader-shouldered 

 than the latter, whose height frequently exceeds 5 feet 9 inches. The 

 former somewhat resemble mulattoes in complexion ; the latter, however, 

 are only rather darker than the inhabitants of the southernmost parts of 

 Europe. The style of their features greatly resembles that of Jewish faces. 

 The hair is sometimes smooth, long, and chestnut-brown ; in other cases, 

 dark and curled. {PL 40, figs. 5, 6.) 



The first and most conspicuous quality in the disposition of the New 



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