294 HISTORY AND ETHNOLOGY. 



length, five or six in breadth, and four or five in height. Those of the 

 chiefs are from fifteen to eighteen feet long, eight to twenty broad, and six 

 high, but like the others have an entrance only two feet broad and three in 

 height, which is closed by a board or a thick mat. The window is two feet 

 square, near the door but somewhat higher, and has a grating of canes. 

 On the side where the entrance is, the roof projects three or four feet. The 

 dwelling-houses of the chiefs are ornamented with carved work. Smoke 

 makes its exit through the door and windows. Household utensils are 

 simple and not numerous. The largest buildings are the public storehouses. 

 The huts of the natives are scattered over the country ; each horde, however, 

 possesses a fortified village, built upon steep rocks and other inaccessible 

 spots, which is large enough to receive all the members in time of war. 

 Formerly, before firearms became common amongst the New Zealanders, 

 these villages could be defended for months. 



Two square, thickly woven mats constitute the dress of both sexes ; the 

 one worn as a kind of coat, and the other as a cloak. At present they 

 endeavor to adorn their persons with European clothing. They anoint 

 themselves with train oil, and smear the face — and in time of war the 

 whole body — with ochre. The faces and persons of the chiefs are frequently 

 so much tattooed, that scarcely any part of the original color remains visible. 

 The innumerable lines frequently form, however, the most beautiful and 

 ingenious figures {pi. 41, Jig. 2, operation of tattooing performed by women). 

 Great care is bestowed upon the construction of their pirogues ; their fishing 

 nets are extraordinarily large. 



Deceased persons, especially of the higher classes, receive great honors. 

 In the first place, the corpse is watched for three days, since the New 

 Zealanders believe that the soul does not fully separate from its mortal 

 integument in less than that time. The deceased is clothed in his hand- 

 somest garments, rubbed with oil, and ornamented and attired as in his 

 lifetime. Relations and friends show their grief by tears and loud lamenta- 

 tions, and by means of bloody lacerations of the face and shoulders. Instead 

 of extending the body, as is done in Europe and America, the limbs are 

 bent towards the belly, and packed together. The corpse is then borne to 

 a solitary spot, there buried, and the grave surrounded with palisades. 

 Posts, crosses, or carved figures, colored with ochre, mark the final resting- 

 place of a chief; that of a common man is designated only by a heap of 

 stones. A grave is caWed udupa (abode of glory). Provisions are deposited 

 upon the sepulchre. According to the opinion of the New Zealanders, the 

 soul of the deceased, although immaterial, still partakes of food. (PL 38, 

 Jig. 3, funeral of a prince.) 



The Inhabitants of the Society Islands. 



The Society Islands, the largest of which is the island of O'Taiti, or 

 Otahiti, like the Friendly Islands, possess a climate which, although under 

 the perpendicular beams of the sun, is nevertheless softened by the sur- 

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