26 MILITARY SCIENCES. 



encamped. As now each legion had six tribunes, and each consul com- 

 nnanded two legions, there were twelve tribunes under each ; the tents of 

 the tribunes were set up in one line D D, parallel with the front of the 

 praetorium and occupying each 59 feet of front, their openings towards the 

 legion ; the intervals were so arranged that the breadth of the tribunes' 

 encampment was equal to the front of the legion's ; 100 feet in front of and 

 parallel to this line of tents began the camp of the legions ; the street thus 

 formed was called the main street. The line of the front side of the 

 tribunes' tents we call the front line. Perpendicular to the front line in 

 the centre a street of 50 feet wide was laid off, on each side of which, at 

 M M, the legion cavalry were encamped. To each turma was allowed a 

 space 100 feet square, and between the ten turmse a second street of 50 

 feet in width, the quintana T, parallel to the main street, ran across the 

 entire camp. Behind the cavalry, at O O, the triarii were encamped, 

 having a space 100 feet broad and 50 feet deep; then came on each side 

 a street, and at P P the camping ground of the principes 100 feet square ; 

 then that of the hastati, Q Q, of the same size ; then a street again on each 

 side, and next this, at R R, the camp of the allied cavalry, 100 feet long and 

 133 J feet deep, and behind these, at S S, the allied infantry were encamped 

 having 100 feet of breadth and 200 of depth. Thus is the breadth of the 

 whole encampment determined at 1617 feet. At the upper part of the 

 camp, next the prsetorium, was on each side a market-place, upon which, at 

 C, stood the tents of tlie two legates, and at B the qucestorium. At N also 

 the market was sometimes established. The leaders of the confederates 

 found place at E E. The elite and the veteran troops had the honor of a 

 separate encampment in the vicinity of the praetorium apart from the rest 

 of the legion : the cavalry of the elite at G, their infantry at J ; the cavalry 

 of the veterans at F, and their infantry at H. The troops of the reserve 

 were placed above the praetorium, their cavalry at K, their infantry at L. 

 Entirely around the whole encampment ran the camp street, A A, of 200 

 feet in width, and then came the entrenchment, in front of which was a 

 ditch to secure the camp from a sudden assault. The camp had four 

 gates, of which that opposite the front of the praetorium, the porta prce- 

 toriana, X a, was for the praetors ; the one on the opposite side from this, 

 the porta decumana, X b, for the chief officers ; while that on the left, X c, 

 the porta principalis sinistra, and on the right, X d, the porta principalis 

 dextra, were for the imperator. 



According to Polybius the Romans used two principal orders of marches : 

 the forward march {pi. 4, Jig. 39), and the flank march (fig. 40). The 

 forward march was always in one column, because battle was given 

 usually only near the encampment, so that the marching out was from only 

 one point. First came the cavalry (pi. 4, fig. 39 A), then the legions in 

 succession ready for battle with their baggage B, and in the rear again cavalry 

 C, closing the march. If an attack was expected on the route, then the 

 baggage was transferred to the rear of the column in front of the closing 

 cavalry, to which in that case an infantry legion was united. The front 

 of the column was, at the time of the manipular disposition, only one 

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