WARFARE OF ANTIQUITY. 27 



maniple ; in the disposition by cohorts, one cohort. The second order of 

 march (fig. 40) was the flank march. The legion formed in the quincunx 

 order ; the velites at A (the unshaded squares in our figure) ; the hastati at 

 B, the principes at C, and the triarii at D, took the baggage in the centre, 

 in the intervals of the lines B, C, D, while the velites covered the intervals, 

 then faced to the right or left, and marched. Arrived upon the field of bat- 

 tle the legion faced again to the left or right, according to their position, so 

 as to front the enemy, and drew out from the baggage in the direction of 

 the dotted lines in the drawing, at first direct to the front, afterwards 

 bringing forward one or the other shoulder, on to the assigned position, in 

 the quincunx order of battle. 



When the legion had marched in the order represented hj fig. 39, and it 

 was desired to assume again the triple order, the following manoeuvre was 

 employed. Suppose the march to have been by maniples, as shown in 

 fig. 41, then the first maniple of the triarii, as soon as they arrived on the 

 alignment of the triarii, faced to the right and moved to the right flank ; 

 the same with the principes and hastati, and then with the other maniples 

 in succession, as each came upon its proper alignment in the march by 

 column. Then the proper intervals of the quincunx order were assumed 

 in these alignments. In the disposition by cohorts the manoeuvre shown 

 by fig. 42 was used. The column of cohorts halted ; the first, second, 

 third, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth faced to the right, and took their posi- 

 tions and intervals in order of battle ; while the fourth, seventh, and tenth, 

 so soon as they were uncovered by the others, were by the command 

 " march" moved forward on to their proper alignment. We will give here 

 one other case, that, namely, where the column of route by the first order, 

 attacked in front, must establish itself in order of battle. This manoeuvre, 

 which Metellus practised against Jugurtha, by whom he was attacked on 

 the march, is represented in fig. 43. The even numbered maniples of the 

 hastati, principes, and triarii marched in the column behind each other. 

 The march had been to the left, and the left flank therefore was in front ; 

 the attack was made on the right. In forming into line of battle, all the 

 maniples of the hastati and principes faced to the right, and moved by a 

 flank until they touched their proper alignment, when they came into line 

 by bringing forward the left shoulder or by a wheel, and assumed their 

 proper intervals. The triarii meanwhile marched straight forward until 

 each maniple reached its position, when they wheeled into line. Finally, 

 we must mention an order of march, namely the quadrangular, which 

 Marius assumed w^hen he had victoriously repulsed, though only with the 

 greatest difficulty, the attacks directed by Jugurtha upon various sides of 

 his column of route. He feared a speedy repetition of the attacks, for he 

 knew the Numidian warfare, and resolved to prepare for them. PI. 4, fig. 

 44, shows the order of march chosen by Marius, and the attack which, in 

 truth, shortly followed from Jugurtha. The Roman general marched with his 

 army in order of battle. The line b h was formed by two Roman legions 

 with a front of 24 men reckoned along the line 6 c, a length of 2880 feet ; 

 at the side of these legions marched Sylla with 44 turmae of cavalry, a a, 



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