28 MILITARY SCIENCES. 



on a length of 2610 feet. To the left, beside the legions, marched Manlius 

 with the slingers, archers, and some cohorts of the allies, c c, which to cor- 

 respond, formed also two legions, or were made up to that complement by 

 the allies. The two lines b c and b c were formed by the remaining cohorts 

 of the allies which marched with the full front. At the head of the whole 

 order of march was Marius himself, with the third part of the auxiliary 

 cavalry, dd. After the march had been continued in this manner for four 

 days, scouts came suddenly from all sides announcing the attack of the 

 Numidians. Sylla was first assailed by the Mauritanian cavalry, A ; and 

 meanwhile Bocchus with his infantry, C, fell upon the rear of the Romans ; 

 and Jugurtha with his Numidian cavalry, B, kept Marius employed. As 

 soon as Jugurtha had intelligence of the attack of Bocchus, he turned with 

 part of his troops. A, upon the legions, and endeavored to spread the report 

 that Marius had fallen ; while the Numidian infantry, at A A, essayed an 

 attack upon the archers, at c c. By these numerous attacks the Romans 

 were shaken certainly, but when Sylla, having put the Mauritanian 

 cavalry to flight, fell upon Bocchus in flank, overthrew him, and then turned 

 upon Jugurtha, whom Marius had also taken in flank, the flight of the 

 Numidians became general, and the victory was won. From this time for- 

 ward this order of march came much in vogue with the Romans, and the 

 quadrangles of Crassus and Antony are renowned in military history. 



An instance in which from a simple order of battle, the quadrangular 

 was formed, is presented by the manoeuvre of Julius Caesar near Ruspina, 

 where he had put himself in march with 30 cohorts and 400 horse to 

 obtain provisions, but at 3000 paces from his camp was attacked by the 

 Numidians under Labienus and the Pacidi. PI. 4, fig. 45, shows this 

 manoeuvre. As soon as the foe came on, Caesar formed his 30 cohorts in a 

 long line a a, on whose flanks he posted the cavalry. Directly, however, 

 the hostile cavalry so extended itself as to outflank Caesar's line on both 

 sides, and in connexion with the infantry, after Caesar's cavalry was 

 doubled up and thrown back upon his foot, to entirely inclose the whole 

 army in the oblong dotted line, endeavoring to overwhelm them. Caesar 

 now caused all the even cohorts to make the half-face, and the even and 

 odd alike to draw out 30 paces from the first line of battle, while the two 

 15th cohorts made a wheel on a fixed centre pivot. The fifteen cohorts on 

 the left then marched to the left, those on the right to the right, and formed 

 a junction, thus making two quadrangles, with which Caesar broke through 

 the Numidian cavalry, and took a new position at b and b. The repulsed 

 cavalry formed the extremes of these quadrangles on the right and left 

 flank. After thus forming these quadrangles, which mutually protected 

 each other and divided the Numidian force, Caesar devised how to unite 

 them both and commence the retreat to his camp. For this, he by 

 degrees drew back both quadrangles upon a new line of battle, and then 

 caused them, approaching each other in c c, to unite into a single quadrangle 

 with which he retired to his camp. 



The Romans had eight modes of attack, seven of which Vegetius 

 imparts to us. Fig. 46 shows the first, where the whole army attacks in 

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