60 MILITARY SCIENCES. 



blue, with black, red-edged trimmings. The arms, short sabres for the foot 

 artillery ; for the light, cavalry sabres and pistols ; belts white. 



The engineer corps is commanded by a lieutenant general, and has 

 charge of the fortification service and the pioneer duty. It numbers 2 

 generals, 20 staff officers, 230 other officers, and embraces 1 guard and 8 

 pioneer divisions, besides 2 reserve divisions; in all 20 companies of 111 

 men, each of which forms 2 sapper, 1 miner, and 1 pontonier section. 

 Two companies of 219 men (in the field 628 men) form a division. The 

 guard has 280 men and 12 mariniers. Each division has also a pontoon 

 train, in the field 206 pontoons, 54 train wagons, 1152 men of the train, 

 and 2214 horses. The pioneer uniform is that of the artillery, with white 

 lace for the guard, black belts, and white buttons. The arms, a fascine 

 knife, sharp in front, the back toothed like a saw, and a bayonet-carbine. 

 Besides these, each pioneer carries one of the most necessary entrenching 

 utensils. 



The Austrian Military System. The Austrian army stands under the 

 general command of the Aulic or Ministerial Council of War (Hofkriegs- 

 rath), and consists of 12 general commands, each of which contains several 

 divisions, each under a lieutenant general and made up of 2 to 3 brigades 

 (each of from 4 to 8 battalions or squadrons) under a major general. The 

 general officers were, a few years ago, 4 field marshals, 20 generals, 98 

 lieutenant generals, and 122 major generals, all active, and about the same 

 number inactive. The uniform of generals is a white dress-coat with 

 white collar, red cuffs and skirt facings, red pantaloons with gold lace, 

 sword in golden baldric ; cocked hat with green feather. The desig- 

 nations of rank : field marshal, embroidery on cuffs and collar ; general, 

 two strips of lace on the sleeve ; lieutenant general, one strip of lace 

 2^ inches wide ; major general, one strip 2 inches wide. Undress uniform : 

 pike-grey with red collar and cuffs. Generals who have had the rank of 

 colonel in the Hungarian cavalry wear hussar uniform, red dolmans and 

 red breeches, white pelisse trimmed with sable, bear-skin cap with white 

 heron plume ; sabre and sabretache. The designations of rank for the 

 remainder of the officers, who wear sword-knots of black and gold with 

 yellow and black silk sash, but no epaulettes, are displayed upon the shako ; 

 for the lieutenants, lace two inches wide, black in the centre, gold at the 

 sides ; captain of cavalry and infantry the same, gold in the middle, black 

 at sides ; and the staff-officers, in addition to this, narrow lace around the 

 shako and lace one inch wide about the cuffs. If the regiment wears helmets, 

 the officer has on his a black and gold crest. The non-commissioned 

 officers have lace Kke the officers, according to their different grades, but 

 of wool ; lance-corporals only a black and yellow cord. Sword-knot for 

 all of yellow silk. 



The troops consist of guards, who, however, are* not reckoned among 

 the field troops. To these belong : 1. The Arcieren Guards, composed 

 entirely of persons who have served as officers, from captains upwards ; 

 56 men with 12 officers, who, down to the second lieutenant, have been 

 generals in the army, the sergeants have been staff-officers. They are 

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