54 MILITARY SCIENCES. 



only one million is armed. The uniform and arms of the National Guard 

 differ little from those of the standing army ; the arms given them are 

 indeed those which have been previously in use by the troops of the line. 

 PL 19, lower ^^. 11, represents a captain, and ^^. 12, a private of the 

 grenadier corps of the National Guard. The frock-coats are blue, with 

 blue red-edged breast-facings ; collars, cuffs, and skirt-facings red, the 

 epaulettes of red wool for the rank and file, and for the officers of silver, 

 who have also a silver crescent below the collar in front. Belts white. 

 The officers have curved sabres. The bearskin cap is black, with a metal 

 plate and red tuft. Pantaloons red in winter, in summer white, boots and 

 white gaiters. The uniform of the chasseurs corresponds exactly with the 

 above described, save that the covering for the head, instead of the bear- 

 skin cap, is a shako, with pompon, cap-plate, and red binding. The cavalr}^ 

 is variously uniformed. PL 20, fig. 18, is an officer of light cavalry. The 

 jacket is dark blue, with blue red-edged breast-facings, pantaloons blue 

 with red trimmings, and the cap (chapka) the same color, with silver- 

 mountings and cap-cord, and red horsehair tuft. Epaulettes silver, belts 

 w^hite. Shabrack and valise dark-blue with red trimming. 



With respect to the standing army, France is divided into 24 military 

 districts, each of which comprises within it several departments. France 

 had a short while since nine marshals ; the superior general stafi* forms 

 two sections, one of which contains the active generals, the other those of 

 the reserve. The first should not number in time of peace more than 80 

 lieutenant generals and 160 brigadier generals {marechaux-de-camp), the 

 second is unlimited. The peace establishment of the French army is fixed 

 at : 1. 100 regiments of line and light infantry of 3 battalions, with 7 

 companies. The arms consist of bayonet-muskets and the so-called sabre- 

 poniard, a short straight sword in the waist belt on the left side, the 

 bayonet in its scabbard on the right. Uniform : frock-coat {blouse) reach- 

 ing to the knee, blue, with collar of some other color, and edgings in front 

 and on the cuffs, according to the color of the collar ; red pantaloons and 

 epaulettes ; belts white ; shakos black, bound with yellow or white, with 

 brass agraffe, pompon, and cap-cord. PL 19, lower fig. 1, a chief of bat- 

 talion {chef-de-hataillon) : blue body-coat, with collar and skirt facings of 

 different colors. Silver epaulettes with full fringe and crescent. Red 

 pantaloons. On the shako the tricolor feather plume, red at top, then 

 white, blue below. Fig. 2, a captain ; uniform the same ; light epaulettes, 

 and on the shako a pompon with small tuft. Fig. 4, a first-lieutenant and 

 color-bearer : one half and one full epaulette and crescent ; shako with 

 pompon and short tuft; red sash ; the color from the staff out blue, white, 

 and red ; the bands tricolor also with gold borders ; the Gallic cock, which 

 forms the siaff-head, gilded. The sous-lieutenants have only two half- 

 epaulettes ; the non-commissioned officers are distinguished from one another 

 in rank by chevrons on the cuff, and the years of service are indicated by 

 chevrons on the arm above the elbow. Figs. 5 and 6, show non-commis- 

 sioned officers. Fig. 8, a private of infantry, line or light. Fig. 3 is a 

 drum-major, and fig. 7 a sapper of the same infantry, their uniform corre- 

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