56 MILITARY SCIENCES. 



The engineer corps consist of 3 regiments, each of 2 battalions, com- 

 posed of 1 miner and 7 sapper companies. Each regiment has in addition 

 1 company of sapper conductors, and 2 companies of laborers. Arms as 

 in the infantry, but shorter muskets. Uniform : blue, edged with red, 

 collar and cuffs black, white buttons. 



The whole French army numbers: the general staff 3879 men and 318 

 horses; the gendarmerie, 14,663 men and 10,316 horses; the infantry, 

 291,408 men and 516 horses ; the cavalry, 55,531 men and 49,046 horses ; 

 artillery, 35,410 men and 49,906 horses; engineers, 8,753 men and 1150 

 horses ; military train, 6,729 men and 5,539 horses ; veterans, 3,789 men ; 

 government of Algiers, 1,426 men and 207 horses. In all 421,588 men 

 and 91,708 horses. To these are to be added the contingent troops of 

 natives of Algiers, 4,321 men and 1,840 horses. 



The Belgian Military System. Before the separation from Holland 

 (1831), there was no Belgian army, and even immediately after the separa- 

 tion as good as none. Most of all, efficient officers were wanting, and not 

 until the year 1833 had any sufficient organization been reached. General 

 Goethals, Count d'Hane, and Dufailly strove in succession, but vainly, to 

 put a regular army on foot, until at last De Brouckere, then Minister of 

 Finance, undertook the war department, and by his great circumspection 

 and activity, accomplished much. The volunteer corps was disbanded and 

 divided among the chasseur regiments. In the administration, the very 

 strictest severity was practised, every mal-practice punished by cashiering, 

 and all inefficient officers dismissed ; in their place experienced French 

 officers were employed, and 20,000 men from the first ban of the militia 

 were drafted to the army, and drilled at the garrisons. The infantry 

 was increased by two line and two chasseur regiments, and the mounted 

 regiment raised from four to six squadrons. In the course of three or four 

 months, the king could control more than 48,000 men, 3,000 horses, and 60 

 cannon. After De Brouckere had sent in his resignation, the artillery 

 general, Evain, completed the organization. At present, the Belgian 

 infantry consists of three regiments of chasseurs of three battalions, with six 

 companies, one regiment of elite troops of four battalions, twelve regiments 

 infantry of the line of three battalions, and seven regiments reserve, alto- 

 gether twenty-three battalions. The armament is throughout like the 

 French, and the uniform also after the French cut. The line infantry has 

 blue coats, woollen epaulettes (the officers gold or silver, and for all grades 

 double), red cuffs and skirt facings, dark breast-facings, yellow edged, grey 

 pantaloons, red edged, white belts, shakos in the French style. The chas- 

 seurs have green coats. 



The cavalry has two chasseur regiments of six squadrons, two of lancers 

 of six squadrons, two of cuirassiers of four squadrons, one of guides of six 

 squadrons. PL 22, fig. 12, is a chasseur of the 2d regiment. Uniform : 

 green jacket and pantaloons, red collar and skirt facings, the cuff red edged ; 

 red trimmings on the pantaloons, white epaulettes, and red shako, with white 

 cap-cord, and horse-hair tuft ; white belts, green shabrack, with red trim- 

 mings, saddle cover of white sheepskin. For parade {fig. 11), officers have 

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