WARFARE OF MODERN TIMES. 65 



bine hook is fastened. The riflemen and Hght infantry have grooved rifles 

 {jig. 9 b) with percussion locks and hair triggers, on which, instead of the 

 common bayonet, the rifle sword-bayonet is fixed and held fast by the 

 bayonet-spring, serving both for cut and thrust. The old cavalry pistol 

 (Jig. 4: a b) was very short in the bore and long-stocked, with the flint lock ; 

 the modern is short-stocked (fig. 10), longer in barrel, often rifled, and has 

 the percussion lock. 



4. Defensive arms. The cuirass (Jig. 27) which with little variation is 

 used for the heavy cavalry of all armies, consists of a front and a back piece, 

 either of steel or brass, polished or painted black, held together at the 

 bottom by means of straps and at the top by the shoulder-bands. Where 

 only the breast-plate is used, it is fastened by cross straps, which pass 

 obliquely over the back. Of head coverings we find on pi. 25 : a. Helmets. 

 The Prussian Garde du Corps (fig. 30) ; Cuirassiers of the Guard (fig. 29) ; 

 Dragoon Guard {fig. 32) ; Line Infantry (fig. 41) ; French Cuirassiers 

 {fig. 28) ; Carbiniers (fig. 31). b. Shakos. The French Hussars (fig. 33) ; 

 Chasseurs (fig. 37) ; Artillery (fig. 38) ; Line Infantry (fig. 39) ; African 

 Light Infantry (fig. 40) ; the Prussian Hussar cap (fig. 35), that for the 

 1st Regiment of Body Hussars,* which bears as a distinction the silver 

 death's-head. 



5. Knapsacks and Belts. The manner of packing the clothing and 

 necessaries of the soldier in the field is seen by the knapsack of the French 

 Line Infantry (fig. 42), of the Prussian Infantry (fig. 43), of the Prussian 

 Artillery (fig. 45), and the Prussian Pioneers (fig. 44). Of belts and equip- 

 ments, fig. 60 gives the cartridge-box of the French Light Cavalry (right 

 side) and the baldric and shoulder-belt of the French Light Infantry (left 

 side) ; fig. 34, the sabretache of the French, and fig. 36, of the Prussian 

 Hussars. 



6. Drums and Music. Figs. 46 and 47 are field-drums with brass shells 

 and wooden hoops, painted in toothed chequer-work according to the colors 

 of the cockade. Figs. 48 and 49 are cavalry trumpets, ^^. 50 a bugle-horn, 

 and^^. 51 a trombone. 



7. Colors and Standards. Fig. 52 shows the French eagle, as it was in 

 the time of the Emperor. Fig. 53, the Prussian eagle. Fig. 57 is the color 

 of the German Empire, of black, red, and yellow, cross striped, and with 

 the black eagle of the empire in a yellow field in the centre ; fig. 55 is the 

 German imperial standard, in black, red, and yellow, cross striped : both 

 are trimmed with gold fringe and have cords and tassels of black, red, and 

 gold. Fig. 56 is the French color, blue, white, and red, striped perpendi- 

 cularly, with blue, white, and red bands and gold fringe. Instead of a head 

 the Gallic cock in gold is placed on the top of the staflf. The French 

 standard is precisely the same, only smaller (fig. 54). The English color 

 (fig. 58) is of white silk, and has usually on one side the arms of England 

 and the Star of the Garter, and on the other a laurel wreath, with the name 



* Body (Leib) regiments in the German service are those regiments which are attached to 

 the person of a sovereign prince. 



541 



