WARFARE OF MODERN TIMES. 93 



William 11. , was for non-commissioned officers a gold, for privates a silver 

 medal, which had on one side the name-cypher of the king with the date 

 1793, on the other, in a laurel wreath the words, Verdienst um den Staat 

 (Service to the State), and was worn on the breast from a black ribbon. 

 Since 1814 this medal has been changed for a silver cross {as Jig. 5), is 

 called Military Decoration of the first class, and is worn from the ribbon of 

 the Iron Cross. 



The Medal for 1813-14 {fig. 11), instituted in 1813, by Frederick Wil- 

 liam III., for all the military who had served without reproach against the 

 enemy in 1813-14. The medal has on one side, under the crowned name- 

 cypher F. W. the inscription, Preussens tapfern Kriegern (Prussia's 

 brave warriors), with the circumscription, Gott war mit uns, ihm sex die 

 Ehre (God was with us, to him be the honor). On the other side is a cross 

 upon rays, in whose centre, within a laurel wreath, is the date 1813, 1814. 

 On the edge are the words, Aus feindlichem geschutz (from the enemy's 

 guns). The medal is worn upon the breast from an orange ribbon with 

 black and white border. Non-combatants received iron medals with the 

 inscription, Fiir Pfiichttreue im Kriege (for faith in war), the king's cypher 

 and the circumscription, Gott war mit uns, ihm sei die Ehre. These 

 medals were worn at the breast from a white ribbon with black and orange 

 border. 



Kingdom of Bavaria. The Military Order of Max Joseph {^l. SI, fig. 1) 

 consists of three classes. Grand Crosses, Commanders, and Knights, and 

 was instituted by Maximilian Joseph I. in 1806, out of the Military Decora- 

 tion established by the Elector Charles Theodore in 1797. The Order 

 carries with it pension and personal nobility ; if the father and grandfather 

 have had the order, that constitutes a nobility of descent. The badge of the 

 order is a gold, white enamelled, Maltese cross, with a gold crown. Upon 

 the blue enamelled centre shield is, on one side, the name cypher M. K., on 

 the other side the motto of the order, Virtuti pro patria. Between the 

 points, each of which has a gold ball, are golden rays. The order is worn 

 by Grand Crosses from a hand-broad, black silk ribbon with white and blue 

 border, en echarpe, from right to left, and in addition, on the left breast, a 

 silver eight-pointed star, embroidered with the badge and device of the 

 Order. Commanders wear the order en sautoir, and Knights a somewhat 

 smaller one from a narrow ribbon at the breast. 



The royal Order of Louis (fig. 2) was instituted by Louis I. in 1827, for 

 fifty years' service, years of campaign being reckoned double. The badge 

 of the Order {fig. 2) is, for persons who have the rank of officers, a gold 

 cross surmounted by the royal crown, having on one side the inscription, 

 Ludwig Konig von Baiern and the bust of the founder in gold upon a 

 white ground ; on the other side, surrounded by a green oak- wreath, the 

 words Fiir ehrenvolle funfzig Dienstjahre (For fifty years' honorable 

 service). The four arms of the cross bear the inscription. Am 25. 

 Aug. 1827. Knights under the rank of officer receive a gold medal with 

 the same inscription. This order is worn, from a deep red ribbon with 

 light blue border, at the left breast. 



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